我國立法委員為何選擇並立式混合選舉制度？2004年選舉制度改革之觀察

Why Did the Legislators Choose the Parallel Mixed-Member Electoral System in Taiwan? An Observation on the 2004 Electoral Reform

黃德福(Teh-Fu Huang) ； 廖益興(Yih-Hsing Liao)

《政治學報》 47期 (2009/06) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2009.47.01

摘要

選舉制度為最基本的民主政治機制，足以影響政黨體系發展或甚至民主政治的健全運作；而選舉制度改革是一項困難的政治工程，通常必須與其他重要議題一起進入議程，才能改變政黨與政治人物傾向維持現狀的策略選擇。台灣立法委員選舉制度改革的啟動，在於現有單記不可轉讓投票制潛存的諸多缺失引發普遍不滿，伴隨「立法委員席次減半」訴求的風起雲湧，立法委員選舉制度改革的議題乃得以順勢進入政治議程，邁出了選舉制度改革的重要一步；而在面對2004年接踵而來的總統選舉與立法委員選舉，基於選舉競爭與政黨利益之策略考量，不論是自利理性計算或被迫含淚背書，各個政黨與立法委員選擇接受並立式混合選舉制度的改革方案，才是立法委員選舉制度改革成功的真正關鍵因素。

關鍵字

並立式混合選舉制度 ； 國會政治 ； 選舉制度改革 ； 選舉競爭

並列摘要

The electoral system is the most fundamental mechanism for a democracy. It affects the development of party systems and even the operation of democratic politics in a given society. However, the reform of electoral systems is a difficult challenge of political engineering. It can only change the strategic choices of political parties and politicians in favor of the status quo when usually entering the political agenda together with other important issues. The motive of the reform of Taiwan's electoral system of legislators lies in the potential deficiencies of the existing SNTV system. The prevailing consensus of ”reduce the legislators by half” appeal made an important step on it by incorporating the subject of the reform of electoral system into the political agenda of congressional reform. The following elections of the president and legislators in 2004 did play the indispensable roles on the successful reform of Taiwan's electoral system of legislators. Based on the strategic consideration of electoral competition and party interests, no matter whether they are the rational calculation of self-interest or the coerced endorsement with tears, every political parties and legislators finally accepted the design of the parallel mixed-member electoral system for Taiwan's elections of legislators.

並列關鍵字

congressional politics ； electoral competition ； electoral reform ； the parallel mixed-member electoral system

參考文獻

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