Because of the convenient land and water traffic accessible from all directions, diverse and large scale handicraft industries, and flourishing commercial trade, Yangzhou had become the largest trading city in the middle late period of Tang Dynasty. This study aims to investigate the development of Yangzhou's handicraft industries, the mineral resources, and the background factors of its thriving handicraft industries in the Tang Dynasty. Yangzhou's handicraft industries included mainly copper industry, coin casting industry, gold and silver industry, weapon manufacturing industry, shipbuilding industry, salt industry, tea industry, textile industry, woodworking industry, and hat industry. These handicraft industries, the objects of study, were explored and analyzed with historical documents and archaeological discovery in this paper.