班固對漢代《詩》學思想的開拓

The Contribution of Ban Gu to the Development of the Poetics Thought in Han Dynasty

張峰屹(Zhang Feng-Yi)

《輔仁國文學報》 44期 (2017/04) Pp. 45-66

摘要

班固的《詩》學思想，既非如前輩學者所說是《齊詩》之傳承，亦非墨守儒家傳統《詩》學觀念。作為醇儒，班固強調《詩》的經學性質和政教目的，但同時作出了重要的拓展：一是在確認《詩》的社會政治功用性質和目的之同時，更加集中地突出了情感的生發感動特徵；二是他批評三家《詩》「咸非其本義」，表現出追求《詩》之「本義」的思想傾向；三是他在司馬遷以地理環境論社會風俗的思想基礎上，進一步明確地開闢了從地理和風俗的視角評論《國風》的思想方法。這些卓越的思想，涉及《詩》的本質和特質、《詩》的闡釋和評論，在漢代固然已十分先進，對今天的《詩經》研究乃至文學研究也具有重要的啟發意義。因此，文學思想史不應忽略班固的貢獻。

關鍵字

班固 ； 生發感動 ； 《詩》本義 ； 地理風俗與《詩》風

並列摘要

Ban Gu's thoughts of Shi is neither the simple succession of Qishi, nor the conservation of traditional conception of Shi of Confucain School. Ban Gu emphsises the prior Jing traits and educational purpose of Shi, and furthers this thought. Firstly, by confirming the social and educational functions of Shi, he focuses on the emotional inspiration of Shi. Secondly, he claims that Sanjia Shi had all misunderstood the true pith of Shi, and he intends to figure the true essence of Shi. Thirdly, on the basis of geo-environmental social custom thought of Sima Qian, he develops the perspective that Guo Feng could be studied through geographic and conventinal factors. All these eminent thoughts above, which were actually rather advanced in Han dynasty, refer to the essence, explaination and commentary of Shi, and still inspiring in contemporary studies. Thus, Ban Gu's achievements remain notable.

並列關鍵字

Ban Gu ； inspiration ； the essence of Shi ； geographic traits and Shi Feng

參考文獻

清．陳壽祺、陳喬樅撰：《三家詩遺說考》，《清經解續編》本。

清．范家相撰：《三家詩拾遺》，文淵閣《四庫全書》本

唐孔穎達(1980)。毛詩正義。中華書局。

梁蕭統編、唐李善注(1986)。文選。上海:上海古籍出版社。

清皮錫瑞(1954)。經學通論。北京:中華書局。