三氯乙烯暴露之尿中代謝物三氯乙酸及總三氯化合物分析方法之探討

The Study of Analysis Methods for Trichloro-Acetic Acid and Total Trichlorid Compounds in Urine under Trichloroethylene

郭錦堂(Ching-Tang Kuo) ； 石東生(Tung-Sheng Shin) ； 周瑞淑(Ruey-Shwu Jou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 4卷3期 (1997/07) Pp. 141-152

摘要

三氯乙烯為不具有爆炸性，不易燃且屬易揮發而價廉的溶劑。故工業上廣泛的用於去脂劑和黏著劑，還有時亦會運用到家庭用溶劑。由於工業上的用途極為普遍，而且大量的使用和易揮發，因此，作業環境中的勞工容易受到曝露，導致疲累、暈眩、易怒，頭痛和腸骨不適，甚至影響到中樞神經系統並誘發麻醉效果，產生一種令人舒適的快感而上癮。另外，全國國立癌症研究所(NCI)，也提出警告三氯乙烯可能會具有致癌性。故為著保護勞工的健康，除了由特殊健康檢查外，亦可參考生物曝露指標值。
本研究利用氣相層析方法，進行尿中三氯乙烯之代謝物三氯乙醇和三氯乙酸的生物偵測方法探討。其結果顯示：(1)GC/ECD方法雖然簡便，但分析時容易受水氣影響，再現性較差；(2)GC/FID方法每十個栓霝再以固定標準濃度確認一次，共經過五次的總時間為20.5小時之滯留時間、波峰面積和波峰高度的變異係數皆在2.0%內，而ECD方法的三氯乙醇變異係數高達22%，三氯乙酸甲酯為6.0%；(4)衍生劑的添加濃硫酸1.5ml，甲醇0.5ml，無水硫酸鈉1公克為較佳反應條件；(5)檢量線配製方面，三氯乙醇在正已烷、50%甲醇、與尿和水的四種溶液有明顯差異，但三氯乙酸甲酯在四種溶液中的斜率並無差異。

關鍵字

三氯乙烯 ； 三氯乙醇 ； 三氯乙酸甲酯 ； 氣相層析法 ； 火燄離子檢測器 ； 電子捕獲器

並列摘要

Trichloroethylene is a cheap solvent which is unexplosive, uneasy-burning and easy-vaporzing. It is so generally used as a grease-eliminatig agent and a sticking agent in industry that workers in the workplace tend to be exhausted dizzy, angry headachy and dyspeptic after exposure, and it even affects central nervous system(CNS)and makes people addicted to it. In addition, National Cancer institute(NCI) in America is also warning it may be a kind of carcinogen.
The research on biological monitoring methods of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid , which are metabolites of trichloroethylene in urine, were conducted by gas chromatography(GC). The result are as follows:1)GC/ECD was simply operated, but it was easily affected by vapor while being analyzed and had got worse reproducibility.2)esterification efficiency of trichloroacetic acid analyzed with GC/FID averaged 84.4% and coefficient of variation was 3.0%.3)About QA/QC aspect, every ten samples would be confirmed by fixed and standard concentration with FID, and retention time, peak area and peak height surveyed fire times for 20.5 hours were below 2.0% separately by ECD Method reached 22%;trichloroacetic acid methyl ester,6.0%.4)The reaction agent adding 1.5mL sulfuric acid,0.5mL methanol and 1g sodium sulfate anhydrous was a better reaction condition.5)Absolute calibration curves of trichloroethanol soluble separately in n-hexane, 50% methanol, urine and water showed obvious differences, but the slope of trichloroacetic acid methyl ester soluble in the four solvents above had no differences at all.

並列關鍵字

trichloroethylene ； trichloroethanol ； trichloroacetic acid ； GC/FID ； ECD