某醫學中心護理人員下背痛盛行因子之探討

Risk Factors of Low Back Pain among Nursing Staffs in a Medical Center

馬君(Chun Mah) ； 李麗傳(Li-Chuan Lee) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou) ； 張媚(Mie Chang) ； 楊冠洋(Gang-Yang Yang) ； 林燈賦(Teng-Fu Lin)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 10卷3期 (2003/07) Pp. 175-184

摘要

目的：護理工作常須彎腰與搬運病人而發生下背之傷害，使下背痛是護理人員最常見的健康問題。本研究的目的是暸解護理人員下背痛的嚴重程度與其相關因子，以利預防及降低下背痛之發生。
方法：本研究採橫斷式設計，以自填式問卷對北部某醫學中心副護理長以下之護理人員進行調查，問卷調查時問自90年3月9日至3月15日之一週時間，共回收636份資料，以SPSS統計軟體處理，統計方法以卡方檢定與邏輯式迴歸方式分析。
結果：護理人員下背痛之終生盛行率為65.3%，週盛行率為28.6%。護理人員的盛行率與工作科別無關。護理人員之下背痛與有無子女及工作之科別年資有關。家事活動中之替小孩換尿布亦與下背痛有正相關。校正上述三個因素後，工作項目中以幫病人上下輪椅或推床之姿勢、翻身姿勢、扶病人站立姿勢、及抽痰姿勢之不正確以及幫為人做復健之時數與下背痛有正相關。
結論：研究結果發現護理工作常因彎腰與搬運病人姿勢之不正確而發生下背之傷害，建議全面改用床套、安排護理人員衛生保健課程訓練、增購自動床與符合人體工學之治療車，以降低下背痛之發生。

關鍵字

下背痛 ； 盛行率 ； 相關因子

並列摘要

Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the major health problems among nurses due to their hard working situation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of LBP and its risk factors among nurses in a medical center located in northern Taiwan.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was carried out during the first week of March in 2001 in a medical center in Taipei. Totally, 636 nurses were surveyed using verified and reliable structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: The lifetime prevalence of LBP was 65.3% and weekly prevalence of LBP was 28.6%. The prevalences of LBP were not significantly different among different nursing units. The factors significantly associated with LBP in this study included taking care of infants, duration of employment in different units, and changing diapers for baby at home (homework). After adjustment for the above-mentioned three factors, incorrect postures in lifting patients onto wheelchairs or beds, correcting in-bed patients' postures, helping patients to standup, and suctioning patients' sputum, as well as the total hours in helping patients for rehabilitation were positively associuated with LBP.
Conclusions: LBP in nurses were most contributed by incorrect posutre during the work and long-term bending. The recommendations to reduce LBP among nurses were using easy-fixed bed sheets instead of traditional ones, providing educational courses for correct lifting and handling, and purchasing automatic beds and working tables.

並列關鍵字

low back pain ； prevalence ； risk factors