Owing to the special physicochemical properties of asbestos, many countries manufacture and use asbestos excessively after the industrial revolution. However, it was not until at the end of the 20th century that peritoneal malignant mesothelioma was proven to be highly related to the exposure of asbestos. Afterward, many governments and international associations announced restrictions and regulations for asbestos. Taiwan was once a famous ship scrapping country in the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, many people were exposed to asbestos while scrapping ships as their occupation. Since the incubation period of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma could last for decades, we estimate that people diagnosed with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma might increase recently. Although malignant mesothelioma is a rare disease, we still have to pay attention to such occupational diseases. In this study, we will report a case of a ship-breaking worker, who was diagnosed with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma, and review the relevant literature and studies.