外籍勞工核配比例分析

Analysis of Proportional Allowance of Guest Labor in Taiwan

陶宏麟(Hung-Lin Tao) ； 余月娥(Yueh-Er Yu)

《勞資關係論叢》 9期 (1999/06) Pp. 153-177

https://doi.org/10.29902/JCSTVS.199906.0005

摘要

核配比例制度是政府目前控制外勞引進數量的重要政策工具，然而國內文獻至今尚缺乏有關外勞比例核配制理論模型的建立，因而本文目的即在建立一套理論架構來探究廠商引進外勞對廠商利得的變動與本外勞就業的影響，以及試圖以此模型解釋目前國內實證文獻所得本勞與外勞互補與替代不一的結論。另外，為使外勞的引進能使勞資雙贏，本文之理論模型亦討論政府如何決定一個勞資皆獲利的外勞核配比例。本文發現在比例核配制下，當廠商使用勞工均為同質，此時勞動市場若有足夠高的本勞工資，以及足夠低的外勞工資，有關單位只要選取一足夠小的核配比例，外勞之引進不但可使廠商得利，亦可刺激同質本國勞工的就業，而在此環境下，將可使勞資雙方皆因引進外勞而蒙利。反之，當勞動市場的本勞工資過低，以及過高的外勞工資（仍低於本勞工資），外勞之引進必造成本國同質勞工的失業，因此，可知不同環境下確實有可能導得目前國內實證文獻上外勞與本勞互補與替代的兩種不一結論。換句話說，一般忽略核配比例之外勞實證研究，其所得之外勞與本勞間的互補或替代關係，很有可能僅是廠商反映政府核配比例造成的結果，而非一般經濟學上二要素間在生產上的互補或替代關係，囚此在引用其結論時應尤為謹慎。

關鍵字

外籍勞工 ； 本國勞工 ； 核配比例 ； 同質勞工 ； 異質勞工

並列摘要

Proportion of guest labor allowance to firms is one of the most important policies managing the number of guest labor in Taiwan. Unfortunately, theoretical models explaining how firms respond under allowance policy are still absent. Establishing a theoretical model in question is one of the purposes of the present paper. In addition, whether guest labor in Taiwan is complementary or substitutable to Taiwanese labor are still inconclusive. Empirical studies attempting to answer this question are not concurrent. The present paper will show that the inconclusively empirical results are likely consequences of responses by firms to different proportional allowances set by government, and more importantly, their conclusions are probably irrelevant to complementary or substitutable inputs in economics sense Hence, caution should be exercised when applying those empirical results. Moreover, a range of proportional allowance is found in which both Taiwanese employers and workers are benefited by introducing guest labor. We find a high enough wage of Taiwanese workers, a low enough wage of guest labor, and a sufficient low of the proportional allowance of guest labor will benefit both Taiwanese employers and workers.

並列關鍵字

guest labor ； Taiwanese worker ； proportional allowance ； homogenous labor ； heterogeneous labor