Endobronchial actinomycosis is a rare condition and may mimic a neoplasm, tuberculosis, or pneumonia. The combination of a foreign body and endobronchial actinomycosis is exceedingly rare in reviews. We report a 48-year-old man who suffered from a consolidated lesion in the right lower lobe one yea r after aspiration of a foreign body. The bronchoscopy revealed polypoid tissues surrounding an aspirated fish bone in the orifice of the right lower lobe bronchus. The pathologic data from the biopsy of the endobronchial polypoid tissues revealed actinomycosis. The patient responded well to bronchoscopic removal of the foreign body and was discharged 2 days later without antibiotic treatment. The subsequent follow-up revealed significant improvement both clinically and radiologically.
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