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The Wind in Wuthering Heights

《咆嘯山莊》中的風

摘要


Choosing a wind-inflected title for her novel Wuthering Heights (1847), Emily Brontё apparently wishes to demonstrate the crucial role this weather element plays in shaping her text. However, Brontё scholars investigating the importance of weather in this novel have yet to grasp the full complexity of the wind, because they see weather as essentially an outdoor event and presume an indoor/outdoor dichotomy. This essay argues that Brontё's representations of the wind in her novel serve to undermine this artificial distinction. This essay comprises two parts. In the first section, I examine Brontё's representations of the wind raging outdoors. Whether or not the impact of the wind can reach the interior space of houses is a major concern for both Lockwood and the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights. The wind blustering outdoors and its impact on humans become a primary medium through which Brontё explores the interconnection between the inside(r) and the outside(r), natural phenomena and social structures. In the second section, I analyze how and why the wind manages to infiltrate the interior spaces of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The ability of the wind to cross the indoor/outdoor boundary, I argue, unleashes the representational possibility of this weather element. Through the literal/metaphorical presence of the wind inside a house, Brontё shows that this weather element not only is a natural phenomenon but also closely relates to various social issues, from marriage to sympathy, from folk beliefs to local customs. Brontё relies on the indoor wind to weave those social issues into her novel. Brontё's familiarity with and attachment to the natural environment in Northern England have long been regarded as a sign of her social isolation. The wind in Wuthering Heights challenges this myth, not least by showing that Brontё heavily draws on a particular weather element characteristic of her native land to articulate her social visions.

並列摘要


英國小說家愛蜜莉.伯朗特(Emily Brontë)的名著《咆嘯山莊》(Wuthering Heights)有一個別出心裁的書名,「咆嘯」二字將風的存在描述地栩栩如生。歷代伯朗特學者研究此小說與天氣的關係時,未能詳細解釋風在此小說中的重要性,因為他/她們僅視天氣為一戶外的現象,並建構出室內/室外的二元對立。本論文旨在證明,《咆嘯山莊》中的風的主要功能之一,就是瓦解此人造的對立。本文分兩部分,第一部分分析伯朗特對室外的風的描述。風的影響力能否登堂入室,是小說中人物所深切關心的議題。在室外呼嘯的風以及它對人們的影響,成為伯朗特探索室內/室外、局內人/局外人(the insider/the outsider)、自然現象與社會架構相互交織的重要媒介。本文第二部分探索伯朗特對室內的風的描述,並說明風跨越室內與室外界限的能力,是它成為此小說中重要敘述媒介的主要原因。利用風在室內的足跡,伯朗特點出,風不只是一種自然現象,更能和婚姻、同情心、民俗信仰以及傳統習俗等社會議題息息相關。伯朗特仰賴室內的風,來將這些社會議題編織到她的小說中。伯朗特對北英格蘭自然景觀的熟悉與眷戀,常被認為是她遺世獨立的指標。《咆嘯山莊》中的風修正了此迷思。事實上,伯朗特利用此自然景觀中的一重要元素,來傾吐她的社會關懷與洞見。

參考文獻


Axelrod, Mark. The Poetics of Novels: Fiction and its Execution. Palgrave: Basingstoke, 1998. Print.
Baumber, Michael. “Haworth in the time of the Brontёs.” The Brontë in Context. Ed. Marianne Thormählen. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2012. 9-17. Print.
Blackstone, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England. 4 Books. The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. Yale Law School. 2008. Web. 17 Aug. 2019 .
Brontё, Charlotte. “Editor’s Preface to the New Edition of Wuthering Heights.” Wuthering Heights. By Emily Brontё. Ed. Ian Jack. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. 307-10. Print.
Chesney, Rebecca. “The Brontё Weather Project 2011-2012.” Brontё Studies 39.1 (2014): 14-31. Print.

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