從性別盲到性別敏感的教育研究：以婦女成人教育與性教育研究的文獻回顧為例

From Gender Blind to Gender Sensitive: A Literature Review of Studies on Women Adult Education and Sex/uality Education in Taiwan

游美惠(Mei-Hui You) ； 黃馨慧(Shin-Huey Hwang) ； 潘慧玲(Hui-Ling Pan) ； 謝小芩(Hsiao-Chin Hsieh)

《通識教育季刊》 11卷1&2期 (2004/06) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6745/JGE.200406_11(1_2).0001

摘要

有別於課程教學、行政領導、教育哲學等傳統上完全無視於性別作用的教育研究領域，「婦女成人教育」與「性教育」是兩個較為特別的領域：「婦女成人教育」早在女性主義與性別研究興起前，便明確地針對「婦女」處理與性別角色有關的議題；而「性教育」則主要是針對青少年，處理「性與性別」相關議題。
基於上述特性，本文考察在婦女運動與性別研究的衝擊之下，台灣這兩個領域的研究是否及如何開展出較具女性主義觀點的論述，並以性別主體的展現、立論的理論基礎與議題的多元性為考察的三大面向。「婦女成人教育」領域以1991至2003年間的主要期刊文獻為分析對象，發現婦女成人教育研究呈顯出主流漠視、婦女面貌單一或隱而不現、女性主義荒漠等處境。近年受婦女運動、教育部兩性平等教育委員會成立及婦女研究蓬勃發展之影響，彰顯女性主體性的婦女教育期刊文獻逐年增加，而如何開拓這片沃土、如何關注婦女教育的多元議題則值得進一步關注。「性教育」，係以如何在教育現場實施性別平權的性教育為終極關懷，故取材幾份在中小學校園中流通的刊物如《測驗與輔導》、《諮商與輔導》、《學生輔導通訊》，並以《兩性平等教育季刊》作為性教育與兩性平等教育論述發展的對照分析。本文以實例佐證指出「衛生教育」中的性教育論述的男流霸權運作，呈現出性別盲、性別差異二元對立化與異性戀中心的論述形貌；而在晚近受到女性主義與多元性別觀點的挑戰，性別敏感的性教育論述得以發展、性別平權的性教育亦開始實踐。本文同時引用西方多元文化論述中「差異政治」與「認同政治」兩個核心概念，來探討性教育論述當中如何處理性別差異與性別身份認同的問題。

並列摘要

This paper aims to investigate the impact of women's movement and women's/gender studies, which have developed into full swing since mid-1990s, on educational research in Taiwan. The fields of women's adult education and sex education are chosen as the foci of this investigation for their gender related tradition. Three aspects are taken into consideration while e examined research literature on these two fields: 1) theoretical framework under which a research was conducted, 2) the ways in which gender subjectivity was presented in the research literature, and 3) the diversity of the issues tackled in the research literature.
For the field of women's adult education, articles from major journals during the period from 1991 to 2003 were examined. Results from content analyses of these articles show that mainstream research on women's adult education has been indifferent to theories and approaches developed from women's and gender studies, that women's images and subjectivity were of little concern of the researchers. It is only until very recently that the feminist-oriented research started to appear sporadically on these major journals.
For the field of sex education, the researchers firstly selected literature from three journals that have been popularly circulated in Taiwan's elementary schools and high schools. Key concepts of politics of differences and politics of identity are adopted in the analyses of sex education literature. It is found that gender-blind and heterosexual centered discourses dominate mainstream sex education literature in popular educational magazines such as Testing and Guidance, Counseling and Guidance and Student Guidance Newsletter. In contrast, gender sensitive sex/uality education discourses are primarily presented in Gender Equity Education Quarterly, a magazine recently emerged under the influences of feminisms and multicultural perspectives.