醒獅活動發展之研究

A History of the Development of Awaken Lion

蔡逸欣(Yih-Shin Tsai)

《體育學報》 21期 (1996/06) Pp. 107-118

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0021.199606.2110

摘要

舞獅源起於漢末時，原本只是宮廷中的娛樂節目，漸變成軍隊中的健身項目，隨著軍隊流傳至各地，與民間各地風俗相結合而發展成不同的種類。「醒獅」為舞獅的一種，在中國已有一千七百年的歷史，然而我們對於這項流傳已久的民俗技藝卻不甚了解。隨著工商的發達，這項極具中華文化色彩的藝術亦面臨了日漸沒落的危機。此乃筆者選定此一主作為研究的動機所在。
本研究採用歷史研究法並僅就舞獅中的「醒獅」一項作研究，期望能對這項運動有更深刻的了解。
根據資料得知：醒獅流傳於大陸廣東一帶，又稱「瑞獅」、「廣東獅」。清朝時隨著沿海移民的遷台而流傳到台灣，逐漸與台灣民間風俗融合成具有台灣風格的一項喜慶表演。醒獅的發祥地為佛山與鶴山地方，故打扮有「鶴山装」與「佛山裝」兩種不同裝束；此外，再依神態、性情細分為「瑞獅」、「醒獅」及「猛獅」；技術的純熟度分「老獅」及「少獅」。醒獅表演多用於喜慶節日之時，内容以「採青」為主；其異於一般獅子的地方在於音樂以大鼓為主、前面有大頭佛引導、以及表演動作與武術互相結合；所以若無相當的武術底子與熟練的技巧，很難將獅子舞的好。
然而隨著工商社會的來臨，這項農閒之餘的休閒已漸漸的被遺棄了。為了保留這項極具中華民族特色的文化財產，民間與政府不遺餘力的推展醒獅活動，除了訂定法則推展之外，並帶入學校教育中去推展；還組成民俗訪問團到國外表演。此外，舉辦醒獅表演比賽、成立民俗表演中心定期表演、設立醒獅研習班等，期望能使這項民俗文化保存下來並更加發揚。

關鍵字

醒獅 ； 舞獅 ； 民俗體育

並列摘要

Lion dance was originated at the last part of Hahn Dynasity. Originally, it's a showin imperial house. Gradually became a kind of calisthenics in troops. By the troops moved, it spreaded in all localities, than, united every locality folklore and developing many different「Lion Dance」.「Awaken Lion」is one kind of lion dance. It has had one thousand and seven hundred years in China. But we didn't know this vaudeville very much. By the prosperous economy, this vaudeville has been declining, these two topicsare the motivation and objective of this research.
This research applies historic methodology and acquires related historic to make a deep study of「Awaken Lion」.According to the material, we could see the「Awaken Lion」was popular in capital of Kwangtung province, also nickname「Kwangtung Lion」or「Auspicious Lion」.It follow the immigrate moved to Taiwan in Ching Dyn, and united Taiwan's folklore,「Awaken Lion」also classify by it's attire, expression and dexterity.「Awaken Lion」represent auspicious, so, it's usually shows at festa,「Awaken Lion」show's principal is「Eat Green」,and its theme is snare drum. In front of「Awaken Lion」also has a「Big head monk」to lead the lion dancing. By the prosperous economy, this vaudeville has bee declining. How to keep this vaudeville on and bring to greater height of development are the most important things to do. The government and the group of populace are extending「Awaken Lion」hard. They set up rules and initiating study groups, contests and performances. All they had done are wish「Awaken Lion」could be bring to greater height of development.

並列關鍵字

Awaken Lion ； Lion Dance ； Folk vaudeville