褔祿貝爾的體育思想

幼教之父褔祿貝爾生長在17、18世紀的德國鄉間，他的幼教理念影響後世極為深遠，尤其遊戲教學的倡導，提供兒童身體活動的機會，對幼兒體育深具貢獻。本文透過文獻分析，加以闡述褔祿貝爾在遊戲理念上和體育運動有所關連的部分。就資料分析結果如下：褔祿貝爾的思想淵源主要來自於，一、生長環境的影響，如成長過程、宗教生活以及求學過程等。二、當世教育家、哲學家的影響，如裴斯塔洛齊、菲希特、謝林以及克勞賽等。至於以遊戲為中心的體育思想內涵包括：（一）運動遊戲是自我表現的活動。（二）運動遊戲隱含社會能力的培養。（三）運動遊戲是自然發展的活動。（四）階段發展的身體活動觀。褔祿貝爾對體育的貢獻在於，確立兒童身體遊戲在幼兒教育中的功能與地位，開啟日後幼稚園實施遊戲教學的基礎，更啟發日後公園遊戲場的設置。但他的思想中充滿濃厚的宗教神秘色彩，將所有的行為最後都透過宗教來解釋，缺乏科學基礎，使他的教育理念發展受限制。

關鍵字

褔祿貝爾；遊戲；體育思想

並列摘要

Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) was highly appreciated as The Father of Early Childhood Education, for his theory has influenced the world profoundly especially the initiation of Play-teaching. It provided children chances of body activities, and thus contributed greatly to children physical education. This program is to illustrate certain portion of Froebel’s concepts of play which related to physical sports. The results are as follows: Being lived in Germany countryside, Froebel’s thought is mainly deprived from his grown-up experiences, the religious life and educational background, it also had the influence from educators and philosophers. The thought of physical education centered with game included: 1. Sports play is the activity of self expression. 2. Sports play cultivates social ability. 3. Sports play is activity which develops naturally. 4. Theory on different phrases development of body activity. Froebel’s contribution to physical education is that he established the function and importance of body play in early childhood education, built up the foundation of play-teaching in kindergarten and inspired the installation of children’s play-ground in the park. However, Froebel explained all behaviors through religious and not scientific way made his theory in education restricted from further development.