民初引進運動聯賽制度之歷史經驗──以華東地區大學體育聯合會為例

民國初年我國華東地區各大學於1914-1936年期間所舉辦的校際運動聯賽，深獲傳播媒體的重視，為深度理解是項聯賽制度之本質與影響，以供當今執事者之參考，乃多方蒐集當年有關報章雜誌之原始資料，經彙整、分析與解釋，獲致以下諸項結論：（一）華東地區大學校際運動聯賽由教會大學主導，聯賽制度爰引自英美兩國制度，包括比賽項目、運動規則、競賽制度以及行政管理制度。（二）是項運動聯賽透過各大學所組成的任務編組組織運作，由該組織採共議決議比賽的項目、選手的資格、比賽的程序、比賽的賽制以及臨時的變更措施。（三）以校園及學生為主體的聯賽制度較獲肯定，尤其是輪流主辦的主客場制、運動季節制，以及課餘賽制等，並連帶帶動民眾的熱烈參與。（四）受到錦標主義之影響，校方、選手、觀眾對比賽的結果存有過度之期待，引發了學校體育資源分配不均、體育教學不正常、運動場上暴力事件，以及社會對運動本質之誤解。（五）華東地區大學校際運動聯賽之歷史經驗，所建立的大學校際運動文化，提供了當代大學推展校際運動聯賽相當程度的思考空間。

關鍵字

中國；華東地區；大學；運動聯賽

並列摘要

The intercollegiate sports league games held during 1914-1936 in the universities in East China were deeply valued by the mass media at that time. In order to explore and understand the substance and the in fluence of the system of this sports league games in depth, immense related journal materials from that time period were collected. After categorizing, analyzing and clarifying, few conclusions can be drawn: 1. The Christian and Catholic universities led the sports league games held among the universities in East China at that time. The whole system was introduced to China from England and America. It contained sport forms, sport regulations, the systems of competition and the administrative management system. 2. Every university in the league shared part of the responsibility in order to organize the sports league games. The members discussed thoroughly to reach common agreement on each issue, which included the athletic forms, the qualification for athletes, procedures of games, the systems of competition and any unexpected incidents. 3. The system of sports league games focused on campus and students and was therefore much more appreciated. This meant in particular the host-guest turn-taking competition system, the competition season, and the after-class competition system. Besides, the sports league games also encouraged the whole society to participate vigorously. 4. Being affected by the ideology of championship, the school authorities, athletics and spectators tended to over-anticipate the outcomes of the games. In consequence it triggered the unfairness in distribution of physical education resources, the abnormality in physical education teaching, and the violent incidents in the game fields. 5.The historical experience of the intercollegiate sports league games, together with the culture it fanned, provide much to reflect on for those who are promoting the sports league games in the universities nowadays.