短期連續高強度運動訓練會降低運動員B淋巴球的數目與功能

Decrease in the Counts and Function of B Lymphocytes after a short-term Consecutive High Intensive Exercise Training

曾玉珍(Yu-Jane Tzeng) ； 許振富(Chen-Fu Hsu) ； 徐廣明(Kuang-Ming Hsu) ； 徐台閣(Tai-Ger Her)

《體育學報》 38卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 15-26

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.3804.200512.0902

摘要

選手賽前密集的高強度訓練常是導致比賽期免疫功能低下的原因。目的：本研究試圖以模擬賽前訓練模式，在跑步機上作連續高強度的原地跑步運動，目的在於了解分泌抗體的血球細胞－B淋巴球－的功能是否受到累積性影響。方法：本研究以12名（年齡23.5±4.9 yrs、身高172.5±5.7 cm、體重63.9±2.4 kg、最大氧攝取量70.4±4.7 ml/kg/min）長跑選手為受試對象，分別以個案之最大氧攝取量的85% VO2 max運動強度，連續3天於跑步機上跑30分鐘。分別於跑前三天(D1)、第一(D1')、第二(D2')及第三天(D3')跑後立即、跑後24小時(24hrs)及72小時(72hrs)各採20ml全血作比較，追蹤訓練期B淋巴球數量及分泌抗脂多醣免疫球蛋白G(anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G, anti-LPS IgG)功能的改變及恢復情形。結果：研究發現B淋巴球數於每次跑後皆顯著下降，於跑後24小時得到回復，B淋巴球分泌anti-LPS IgG的功能在第一天跑後迅速下降，第二天及第三天跑後皆顯著上升，恢復期24及72小時皆未回到訓練前水準。顯示連續性高強度運動訓練模式使B淋巴球數量減降，但抑制情形都不超過24小時，反而是B淋巴球分泌anti-LPS IgG的功能於恢復期呈現持續性抑制。結論：連續高強度運動訓練造成B淋巴球數量與功能的改變兩者之問沒有直接的關係，但B淋巴球分泌抗體的功能發生累積抑制之影響，這很可能與運動中產生的細胞激素和內毒素有關。建議教練對於賽前集訓期的訓練計劃應注意強度的調控、持續時間以及連續型訓練，以避免連續型訓練造成的累積性疲勞。

關鍵字

連續性高強度運動訓練 ； B淋巴球 ； 免疫球蛋白G

並列摘要

It is know that immunosuppression is induced by high- intensity training before a competition. Purpose: This study was designed to try to understand if the function of B cells which secrete antibodies is continually affected by a simulated training model. Methods: Twelve subjects, aged 23.5±4.9 yr, with a height of 172.5±5.7 cm, a weight of 63.9±2.4 kg, and a VO2max of 70.4±4.7 ml/kg/min, participated in this study. Blood samples of 20 ml were collected from each of the subjects who had consecutively performed 3 days of high- intensity exercise (at 85% VO2 max) on the following schedule : 3 days before exercise (D1), after the 1st day of exercise (D1'), after the 2nd day of exercise, after the 3rd day of exercise (D3'), 24 h after the 3rd day of exercise (24 h), and 3 days after the 3rd day of exercise (72 h). Analysis helped us to determine the shift and recovery state of B lymphocytes which had secreted anti-LPS IgG during training. Results: The numbers of B lymphocytes decreased after each running but had recovered after 24 h. The amount of anti-LPS IgG which is a reflection of the function of B lymphocytes showed a decrease after the 1st day of exercise, but increased after the 2nd and 3rd days of exercise to a level higher than that at the beginning of training, then decreased to the lowest level by 24 and persisted to 72 h later, which suggests that the numbers of B lymphocyte present might not reflect the activities of B lymphocytes. Conclusion: The accumulative inhibitory effect on the function of B lymphocytes may be induced by cytokines and endotoxins entering the systemic circulation after consecutive high-intensity training. Coaches should note the intensity, duration, and exercise model of training programs during the training period to prevent immunosuppression caused by accumulated fatigue after consecutive high-intensity training.

並列關鍵字

consecutive high-intensity training ； B lymphocytes ； immunoglobulin G

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