多音源噪音場所之各別音源之噪音貢獻度探討

A Study on the Contribution of Individual Noise Sources in a multi-source Workplace

盧士一(Shih-Yi Lu)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 15卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 146-158

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.200706.0146

摘要

在廠房設計、設備佈置或噪音工程改善規劃之時，預估作業人員噪音暴露之情況與噪音源貢獻度，作為設計之參考，可減低噪音對勞工聽力之傷害與增進噪音工程改善之成效。一般性噪音控制方法（設置吸／隔音材）已被發展且應用於噪音作業場所的改善，但如何識別最大噪音源以有限的花費達到較好的改善效益是本研究之目的。本次研究於一般學校教學實驗室進行，首先量測音源之聲功率與音場之殘響時間，運用室內聲學理論公式與電腦程式RAMSETE建構音場環境，分別預估噪音場聲壓分布狀況，分析各個噪音源對勞工噪音暴露之影響，並與現場使用噪音計測定結果比較，探討以本研究所建議之方法識別噪音源貢獻度之可行性。研究結果顯示，在本研究進行之實驗室內，建議之方法在噪音預估與噪音源貢獻度之分析，均有實際運用之價值，而且使用殘響時間法配合室內聲學理論公式計算所得之值（本文以下稱之理論值）較電腦程式RAMSETE計算所得之值（本文以下稱之模擬值）更接近實測值，將來如能配合人員移動位置與時間之關係，更能由聲壓分布狀況推估人員之噪音暴露劑量。

關鍵字

噪音控制 ； 噪音源識別 ； 音場模擬

並列摘要

The adverse effect of noise hazards on workers needs to be considered before new plants are constructed. By estimating the contribution of various sources during the design stage, the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss and the cost of engineering controls that may have to be developed in the future can be minimized. Noise suppression in the workplace is typically accomplished by measures such as installation of sound absorption/isolation material. The aim of this research, however, is to identify the dominant sources contributing to the noise exposure of workers. By suppressing noise at these dominant sources, the cost of engineering can be minimized. This experimental study was conducted in a laboratory with a simple environment. First, both the sound power of the noise source and the reverberation time of the room were measured. Based on this data, the sound pressure distribution was predicted through theoretical models of room acoustics and the simulation software RAMSETE. Then, the effect of each noise source on the noise exposure of the workers was determined. The predicted sound pressure distribution was compared to measured values in order to investigate the feasibility of estimating the noise contribution of different sources through this approach. The results indicate that the proposed method is helpful in predicting sound pressure and evaluating noise contribution for noise control in the workplace. Given a worker's location and exposure duration, it is also possible to forecast the noise exposure of the worker.

並列關鍵字

Noise control ； Noise contribution ； Sound field simulation

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