尿中銻之採樣與分析

Antimony Analyzing and Sampling in Urine

蕭英德(Ying-Der Hsiao)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 20卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 205-230

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.201206.0205

摘要

三氧化二銻化合物是一種防火添加劑，廣泛應用於工業。本研究以銻冶煉工廠高暴露勞工3人進行星期五至星期一的生物偵測採樣分析，每位勞工從星期五上班前至星期一下班後，每人每天收集2次，每人共收集8次尿液，再以星期五下班後尿中總銻濃度為起始濃度推算銻之生物半衰期。分析結果顯示個人暴露有5次遠超過法定容許濃度，1次超過行動值。平均濃度（標準差）為4.43（3.37）mg/m^3，生物半衰期為60小時，變異係數14.8％。三氧化二銻暴露員工尿液銻的物種含有三甲基銻、三價銻、五價銻及2種未知銻物種。三甲基銻濃度隨時間的變化不大，且濃度偏低，五價銻濃度隨三氧化二銻暴露而增加，三價銻濃度於暴露結束後開始上升，在暴露結束後的2,400分鐘達最高點，另2種未知物種濃度亦隨著暴露時間增加而增加，當暴露結束後第1,000分鐘的濃度仍增加，隨後再降低，直到下一次再暴露後，濃度才再增加。未來的研究建議進一步鑑定尿中未知銻物種以及研擬銻暴露預防的方法。

關鍵字

三氧化二銻 ； 生物偵測 ； 物種分析 ； 高效率液相層析感應偶合電漿質譜儀

並列摘要

Antimony trioxide (Sb(subscript 2)O(subscript 3)) is a fire retardant with various applications widely used in industry. This study chose an antimony smelting plant have carried out a ”biological monitoring” and analysis study on 3 workers who exposed to high levels of Sb at work except Saturdays & Sundays. The air samples at work were collected on a Friday and the following Monday. Each worker provided 8 urine samples starting from the Friday before work until Monday by the end of the daily duty. We monitor the change of antimony concentration in urine in order to calculate the half-life of metabolism of the antimony.The average (standard deviation) concentration of the airborne Sb the workers exposed to was 4.43 (3.37) mg/m3. Among the air samples, 5 samples greatly surpassed the ”permissible exposur limits” and 1 sample exceeded the ”action level”. The antimony species identified from the urine samples for the workers who exposed to antimony trioxide consisted of trimethyl antimony, trivalent antimony, pentavalent antimony and two unknown species. The half-life of antimony trioxide was 60hrs with a coefficient of variation of 14.8％. The analysis of the metabolites in the urine samples showed that the concentration of trimethyl antimony was much lower than other two species. On the other hand, the concentration of pentavalent antimony increased as the antimony trioxide exposure increased. The urinary concentration of trivalent antimony began to rise at the end of exposure and reached to a peak at 2400 min after the exposure. The concentrations of the two unknown species increased as the exposure duration increased; the increasing trends continuously proceeded for 1000 min after the exposure and then declined until another exposure occurred. Future study should emphasize exposure reduction at work place and identify the two unknown species.

並列關鍵字

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) ； Biological monitoring ； Species analysis ； HPLC-ICP/MS

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