正德癸酉平陽堯廟改制考：平陽堯廟〈三聖廟碑〉解讀

The 1513 Conversion of the Pingyang Yao Temple: An Interpretation of the "Sansheng Temple Stele"

劉永華(Yong-Hua Liu)

《民俗曲藝》 167期 (2010/03) Pp. 151-188

https://doi.org/10.30157/JCRTF.201003.0004

摘要

本文以正德癸酉平陽堯廟改制爲例，討論了元代道教與祀典廟的關係及明代士大夫對道教態度的變化等問題。山西平陽府的堯廟，漢、唐以來曾是朝廷祭祀帝堯的祀典廟。蒙元興起之初，道士姜善信及其徒眾以重修堯廟爲契機，開始入主這座重要的廟宇。明正統朝以來，地方官員曾多次重修堯廟，但均未觸及廟內的道教成分（道士╱道教神明）。至正德癸酉，方始在禦史周倫的主持下，對此廟的儀式空間進行了重組，剔除了其中的道教成分。本文認爲，從正統朝至正德朝地方官員對堯廟道教成分的態度的變化，正可反映出經過近半個多世紀的醞釀，重建禮教秩序的呼聲，得到越來越多士大夫的追隨。此一社會思想界的變動，實爲以嘉靖朝「大禮議」爲契機的禮儀變革鋪平了道路。

關鍵字

禮制 ； 明代 ； 道教 ； 堯廟 ； 大禮議

並列摘要

Based on a case study of the 1513 conversion of ritual space at the Shanxi Pingyang Yao Temple, this essay aims to explore the relationship between Daoist religion and officially-recognized temples during the Yuan Dynasty and especially the changing attitudes of scholar-officials towards Daoist religion during the Ming. The Shanxi Pingyang Yao Temple had been included in Registers of Sacrifice in earlier dynasties. In the beginning of the Yuan dynasty, a Daoist priest Jiang Shanxin, together with his disciples seized the opportunity of temple renovation to assume control of this important temple. Since the Zhengtong reign (1436-1449), local officials had renovated the temple several times while keeping the Daoist elements (Daoist priests/Daoist deities) intact. It was not until 1513 that Censor Zhou Lun took charge to re-arrange its ritual space and eliminated the Daoist elements. This essay argues that the local officials' changing attitudes towards Daoist elements at the Yao Temple in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries reflect that the appeal to reestablish the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy had been gaining force. This change of social thought paved the way for a series of ritual reforms triggered by the ”Great Ritual Controversy” during the Jiajing reign (1522-1566).

並列關鍵字

ritual ； Ming dynasty ； Daoist religion ； Yao Temple ； The Great Ritual Controversy

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