鐵人三項競技參賽者之運動傷害調查

A Survey Study of Sports Injuries in Triathlon

官大紳(Dah-Shen Guan) ； 盧俊良(June-Liang Lu) ； 陳文玲(Wen-Ling Chen) ； 林桑伊(Sang-l Lin) ； 薛澤杰(Tse-Chieh Hsueh)

《中華民國復健醫學會雜誌》 21期 (1993/12) Pp. 59-65

摘要

鐵人三項運動（Triathlon）是一種結合游泳、自行車、長跑的超耐力 （ultraendurance）競賽。本研究藉由國內所舉辦的首屆鐵人三項競技，以問卷方式調查選手在平常運動時所發生之過度使用傷害（overuseinjury），並實地診察以統計比賽中選手所發生的運動傷害。
本次比賽方式為游泳1.5公里，自行車40公里，長跑10公里，限定在3小時40分內完成。在205位參賽選手中，回收問卷177份，回收率佔（86.3%）。其中男性167名（94.3%），女性10名（5.6%），平均年齡為32±9.1歲。參賽選手中本身是選手級運動員者有71位（佔40.11%），以跑步（36.6%）和游泳（19.7%）選手最多。曾參加過類似比賽者有29名（佔16.4%），為此次競賽而特別準備訓練者有109位（佔61.6%），其平均訓練期間為59±42天。
選手平時對一般運動傷害的處置，自行處理者佔37.3%，到國術館者佔12.9%．到醫院求診者28.8%。同時調查選手封急性肌肉拉傷或抽筋處理常識，正確者接近70%。
從問卷得知，因為訓練或運動而導致傷害者有61位（佔34.5%），其受傷部位以膝蓋（23.5%）最多，足踝（18.3%）次之。平均每人有1.3個部位受傷。而在比賽當中受傷者共23位，其中下肢抽筋者有20位，踝關節扭傷者1位，膝關節疼痛者1位，表皮擦傷者1位。
鐵人三項運動對運動員是一種智與力的挑戰，在本省推展此項運動開始之際，希望能藉此報告促使醫療同仁對此運動的重視，以加強對選手運動傷害的照顧。

並列摘要

Triathlon, an ultraendurance exercise, is a race involving consecutive swimming, bicycling and running which is currently enjoying a tremendous increase in popularity abroad. This study is aimed at assessing the overuse injuries in the training period and the sports injuries during the first triathlon race in Taiwan in 1992.
The triathlon race composed of 1.5 Km swimming, 40 Km bike and 10 Km run which must be finished within 3 hours and 40 minutes. With 177 effective questionnaires (86.3% of the 205 race entrants), 94.3% (167 competitor) were men and 5.6% (10 competitor) were women. The average age was 32±9.1 years. 71 competitor (40.11%) had ever been or are athletes, with runner (36.6%) and swimmer (19.7%) predominent. 29 competitor (16.4%) had once participated in similar triathlon race. 109 competitor (61.6%) had trained for this race. The average duration of training was 59±42 days.
37.3% managed sports injuries by themselves, 12.9% received herbs medicine, only 28.8% visited hospital for help. The incidence of overuse injuries during the training period was 34.5% (61 competitor). The most frequently injuried area of the body was the knee (23.5%), and then the ankle (18.3%) There was an average of 1.3 injuries per competitor. The sports injuries during the triathlon race composed of 20 legs strain, 1 ankle sprain, 1 knee pain and 1 multiple abrasion wounds.
With better understanding of the overuse and sports injuries, we will make great improvement in Taiwan's triathlon race in the further.

並列關鍵字

ultraendurance ； Triathlon ； Sports injury