太極拳對中老年人心肺功能之促進及維持效果

The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory Function in Middle-aged and Elderly Individuals

藍青(Ching Lan) ； 賴金鑫(Jin-Shin Lai) ； 黃美涓(May-Kuen Wong)

《中華民國復健醫學會雜誌》 27卷2期 (1999/06) Pp. 63-69

https://doi.org/10.6315/JRMA.199906.0063

摘要

本系列研究旨在探討太極拳對中老年人心肺功能的促進及維持效果。在橫斷式研究中，有90位中年人(50至64歲)及76位老年人(65至80歲)參與，依性別各分為太極拳組與對照組。太極拳組平均練拳期間為9.0±4.4年，對照組則為靜態生活者。受試者均接受踏車最大運動測驗及氣體分析。結果發現太極拳組的最大攝氧量較對照組高14.7-28.9%。此結果表示太極拳組在最大運動時的心肺功能較佳。
在縱貫式研究中，太極拳組有45位，而對照組有39位完成兩年的追蹤。在追蹤期間，太極拳組的心肺功能衰退速率只有對照組的一半，表示太極拳可以延緩心肺功能的衰退。此外，在9位男性及10位女性初學太極拳者的追蹤研究中，發現在一年的訓練期間，男性的最大攝氧量上升16.1%，而女性則增加21.3%，表示太極拳可以明顯促進初學者的心肺功能。
在臨床研究中，9位冠狀動脈繞道術後患者接受太極拳訓練。在一年的追蹤期間，太極拳組的最大攝氧量增加10.3%。此結果顯示太極拳也可以提升心臟病患的心肺功能。
受試者在練拳時的攝氧量為最大攝氧量的55%，心跳率則為最大心跳範圍的61%。因此太極拳是一種中等運動量的有氧性運動，可推薦給中老年人作為一種健身活動。對低危險性的心臟病患，太極拳也可作為適當的維持性運動。

關鍵字

太極拳 ； 心肺功能 ； 攝氧量 ； 老年人 ； 運動訓練

並列摘要

A series of studies was designed to investigate the effect of Tai Chi Chuan for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory function in elderly individuals.
In the cross-sectional studies, cardiorespiratory function of 90 middle-aged (range 50-64 yrs) and 76 elderly (range 65-80 yrs) subjects were tested by cycle ergometry. The TCC group practiced TCC with a mean duration of 9.1±4.3 yrs. The control group consisted of 84 sedentary subjects. The VO2max of the TCC group was 15.6-26.8% higher than that of the control group. The result implied that TCC was beneficial for the cardiorespiratory function in the middle-aged and elderly individuals.
In the longitudinal studies, we demonstrated that long-term TCC practice might delay the decline of cardiorespiratory function. Furthermore, in a study of novice TCC practitioners, the VO2max increased 16.1% in men and increased 21.3% in women after a year of training. The results indicated that a TCC program was effective for improving cardiorespiratory function.
A clinical study was also designed to evaluate the effect of TCC on low-risk coronary artery bypass surgery patients after a postoperative rehabilitation program. The TCC group increased 10.3% in VO2max after one year of training. The result demonstrated that a TCC program could enhance the cardiorespiratory function of low-risk cardiac patients.
The VO2 during TCC practice was 55% of the VO2max, and the heart rate during practice was 61% of the HRmax. It seems that TCC is an exercise with moderate intensity and is aerobic in nature. For the elderly individuals as well as the low-risk cardiac patients, TCC may be prescribed as an alternative for conditioning if there are no medical contraindications.

並列關鍵字

Tai Chi Chuan ； cardiorespiratory function ； oxygen uptake ； elderly ； exercise training