泛舟遊客接觸規範、擁擠知覺、與知覺接觸數量之研究

The Study of Encounter Norms, Perceived Crowding, and Perceived Encounters of Whitewater Rafters

許義忠(Yi-Chung Hsu) ； 方志鵬(Chih-Peng Fang)

《觀光研究學報》 10卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 71-86

https://doi.org/10.6267/JTLS.2004.10(4)5

摘要

由於擁擠可能干擾遊客遊憩體驗，擁擠知覺一直被當做遊憩承載量及遊客滿意度的指標。本研究調查泛舟遊客接觸規範、擁擠知覺、知覺接觸數量三者的關係。研究問題有(1)遊客是否具有接觸規範？(2)遊客泛舟時是否覺得擁擠？(3)有無接觸規範者的知覺接觸數量及擁擠知覺是否有差異？(4)遊客知覺接觸數量若超過接觸規範，其擁擠知覺是否會增強？研究母體為2001年7月至2002年6月間於秀姑巒溪泛舟之遊客，採時間隨機抽樣，計抽出假日與非假日共35天，獲得有效問卷2,648份。研究結果顯示(1)大多數遊客不具有接觸規範，(2)遊客泛舟時並不感覺特別擁擠，(3)有無接觸規範者的知覺接觸數量並無差別，但遭遇其他遊客時的擁擠知覺卻具有顯著差異，(4)遊客知覺接觸數量若超過接觸規範時，其擁擠知覺就顯著增強。研究結論有三(1)高密度使用地區擁有高比率沒有接觸規範的遊客，其密度擁擠效應不高，(2)社會干擾理論與過度刺激理論應用於擁擠知覺研究是恰當的，(3)應將接觸規範、擁擠知覺、和知覺接觸數量一起當成訂定遊憩承載量的指標。

關鍵字

接觸規範 ； 擁擠知覺 ； 知覺接觸數量 ； 遊憩承載量 ； 泛舟

並列摘要

This study investigated rafters' encounter norms, perceived crowding, perceived encounters, as well as their relationships. The population was rafters floating at Hsiukuluan River during July 2001 to June 2002. Thirty-five sampling days were randomly selected. 2,648 valid questionnaires were obtained through on-site surveys. Study results indicated that no encounter norms existed for most rafters. Most rafters perceived somewhat crowded while encountering boats and other rafters. For those with and without encounter norms, their perceived encounters and perceived crowding as encountering rafts had no differences, however their perceived crowding scores differed significantly as they encountered other rafters. And when actual boat and rafter encounters exceeded rafters' encounter norms, their perceived crowing increased. Three conclusions were drawn. (1) In high-density use areas, the density-crowding effect seems weak. (2) Both social interference theory and stimulus overload theory are appropriate applying to perceived crowding research. (3) Encounter norms, perceived encounters, and perceived crowding should be all included as indicators while establishing social psychological carrying capacity for recreational areas. Implications and recommendations were mentioned and discussed.

並列關鍵字

Encounter norms ； perceived crowding ； perceived encounter ； recreational carrying capacity ； whitewater rafting

參考文獻

莊麗君、許義忠(2004)。秀姑巒溪泛舟遊客動機與滿意度之研究。觀光研究學報。10(1)，79-96。

許義忠(2002)。遊客對參加冒險性旅遊之動機與滿意度之研究－以秀姑巒溪泛舟為例。觀光研究學報。8(2)，115-130。

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