再探臺灣的「批判性公民」：2008-2016

Critical Citizens in Taiwan Revisited: 2008-2016

黃信豪(Hsin-hao Huang)

《選舉研究》 27卷1期 (2020/05) Pp. 39-84

https://doi.org/10.6612/tjes.202005_27(1).0002

摘要

本文從類型學的視角分析二次政黨輪替後臺灣民眾民主態度的變動，並結合現代化典範的「批判性傾向」、「選舉輸家」解釋以釐清「批判性公民」的態度來源。本文以TEDS在2008至2016年三次總統選後的調查為經驗基礎，實證研究發現如下：首先，民主批評者的比例在不同年度皆相當穩定，其他類型分佈則隨選舉結果而變動。其次，不同類型的比較證實臺灣的批判性公民確實出現部分批判性傾向的特徵，但這些特徵並不如預期地集中在年輕人身上，反而是年紀較長的民眾。再者，「選舉輸家傾向是批判性公民」的解釋僅在綠營選民面對敗選的脈絡下才成立；當藍營選民敗選時，則選舉輸家將傾向成為對民主正當性有負面意涵的民主離異者。總的來說，臺灣批判性公民的態度來源揉合了批判性傾向、選舉輸家的解釋。本文的發現反映了臺灣二次政黨輪替後的民主正當性持續往深化方向發展，但年輕公民的態度與選舉競爭的作用，卻也為我國的民主正當性前景帶來隱憂。

關鍵字

批判性公民 ； 現代化典範 ； 選舉輸家 ； 民主正當性 ； 臺灣選舉與民主化調查

並列摘要

From a typological perspective, this paper addresses Taiwanese citizens' attitudes to democracy and applies the modernization paradigm and the 'election losers' explanation to clarify the origins of critical citizens. By examining the TEDS survey data conducted after the three presidential elections held from 2008 to 2016, we find that, first, the proportion of critical citizens remained stable over time, while those of the other types changed along with the election results. Second, the comparison across different types of democratic attitudes suggests that critical citizens in Taiwan hold some critical traits, but they are older citizens rather than representatives of the young generation as expected. Also, the explanation that 'election losers tend to be critical citizens' can be confirmed only when the green camp of voters is on the losing side; when the blue camp loses the election, voters on the losing side are inclined to be democratic alienators, carrying negative implications for democratic legitimacy. Overall, the critical citizens in Taiwan originate from the combination of the modernization paradigm and the election-losers explanation. The findings of this paper imply that democratic legitimacy in Taiwan continues to deepen after two elections resulting in a change in the ruling party; however, the young generation's view and electoral competition, as shown, may result in different meanings.

並列關鍵字

critical citizens ； modernization paradigm ； election losers ； democratic legitimacy ； TEDS

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