周達觀《真臘風土記》及所載吳哥城郭研究

十三世紀時，中國的正統政權由來自北方的蒙古族統治，建立元朝。因為蒙古族基本以擴張領土為國策，展開對鄰近國家的征伐，其中包含對今日東南亞等地的用武行動。元末時期周達觀奉命隨團出使東南亞的真臘國，該團被認為即是對真臘國的偵探行動。周達觀在出使團所佔地位並不高，不見得實際負責偵探行動，但返國後著成《真臘風土記》一書，卻成為古今中外唯一一部保留當時真臘狀況的著作，受到今日學者重視。關於周達觀並沒有留下詳細個人傳記資料，本文從側面資料勾勒了周達觀及其當時可能的活動情況。此外，本文並探討了《真臘風土記》一書的成書及基本價值。最後，本文將重點置於對《真臘風土記》一書中關於「城郭」的記錄，並透過考古資料及實地印證，還原了十三世紀末時真臘都城的風貌，並說明在此一階段，東南亞曾經擁有世界最壯觀的文明，反映在吳哥寺等偉大建築，值得我們對其在文化史上的成就高度重視。

關鍵字

周達觀；真臘風土記；吳哥；城郭

並列摘要

In the 13th century, the orthodox regime of China is ruled by the Mongols from the North, setting up Yuan Dynasty. Because the Mongols regards expanding the territory as the state basic policy, launching to near country, include Southeast Asia, etc. Zhou Daguan was sent as an envoy to Cambodia, considered to be the thing that takes action to survey Cambodia. After Zhou Daguan came back home, he has written this book ”Notes on the Customs of Cambodia”, has become only in the world keep of the situation at that time. Zhou Daguan has not left his materials, we come to infer his life from other materials, and probe into the value of this book. Finally, our focal point is placing on the discussion of the city, visiting the locality by archaeology, and reducing the 13th century Angkor's style and features. There was the greatest civilization in Southeast Asia in those period, reflecting it in such great buildings as Angkor Wat, etc. We should pay have very high attention to it.