動力結構、產業制度轉型與台灣節慶活動發展

本文旨在探討兩個台灣節慶活動發展的相關議題：其一，台灣各縣市蓬勃發展的大型節慶活動中，其背後有哪些驅動因素？其二，而這些驅動因素又使得地方文化產業、地方特色產業、或地方特色商圈以何種轉型模式發展為大型節慶活動？本研究以整合動力結構與產業制度轉型矩陣的分析架構，分析台灣大型新興節慶活動發展的動力結構與產業制度轉型模式。本研究有以下研究發現：（一）文化政策與產業政策會影響到台灣節慶活動的舉辦、地方商圈的形成、地方特色產業與地方文化產業的形成與發展；（二）台灣節慶活動發展的動力結構包括：政治動力、經濟動力、社群動力、文化動力與專業動力等，其中影響節慶活動最多的是政治動力、其次是經濟動力；（三）台灣節慶活動的產業制度轉型模式包括：未轉型、一次轉型和多次（二次以上）轉型模式等三種，其中多次（二次以上）轉型模式又可進一步區分為：二次轉型模式、三次轉型模式及同步分開轉型模式等三種模式；（四）本研究發現未經轉型直接由政府推動的節慶活動，因為缺乏地方文化、商業及產業的發展基礎，很容易因為失去政府（政治動力）的支持與資助而終止節慶活動的舉辦，從地方文化產業、特色產業與特色商圈中轉型而來的節慶活動，因具有文化及經濟基礎等多種驅動力量，較容易持續擴大活動規模，發展成為全國性／國際性節慶活動。

關鍵字

動力結構；產業制度轉型；地方文化產業；節慶活動

並列摘要

This paper aims to discuss two related issues regarding the development of festivals in Taiwan. The first question is what kind of dynamic structure (motivating forces) that breeds Taiwan's Festivals. The second is how motivating forces transform local specific industry, local specific commercial circles, and local cultural industry into festivals. We adopts an approach that integrates the structure of force and transformation matrix of industrial system to analyze the development of large newly festivals in Taiwan. Results of this study showed that, firstly, the formation of local specific industry, local specific commercial circles, local cultural industry, and festivals are significantly influenced by state's cultural policy and industrial policy. Secondly, the dynamic structure of Taiwan's festivals consists of political force, economic force, community force, cultural force, and professional force. Thirdly, there are tree models of transitions of industrial system as follows, untransformed, one-time transformed, and multiple-transformed (above two times). The multiple-transformed model can be subdivided into tree sub-models as well as two-times model, tree-times model, and separated-proceed-together model. Finally, festivals, without transformed process and sponsored directly by government, are easily terminated if political forces (like state's sponsor) are interrupted. Contrarily, festivals, with transformed process and based on cultural and economic forces, are usually held sustainable and even expanded to large-international festivals.

並列關鍵字

Dynamic Structure ； Transformation of Industrial System ； Local Cultural Industry ； Festivals

參考文獻

廖淑容、周志龍、古宜靈(2000)。文化產業生根與地方發展。都市與計劃。27(3)，117-139。

Hsu, Derek, Tseng,Sheng-Wen,Lin, Yi-Chun,C. C. Huang(2006).The Relationship among Cultural Policy, Local Culture Industries, and Festival Events in Taiwan.2006 International Conference on Tourism and Festivals.(2006 International Conference on Tourism and Festivals).: