赤桉葉精油含量及化學成分研究

Yields and Chemical Components of Essential Oils in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves

謝端忠(Jui-Chung Shieh)

《台灣林業科學》 11卷2期 (1996/06) Pp. 149-157

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199606.0149

摘要

本研究係探尋不同季節及不同蒸餾時間之赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)葉部精油含量及其化學成分之變化，精油含量係使用水蒸氣蒸餾法測定，化學成分係採用氣相層析儀(GC)之滯留時問(retention time)及氣相層析－質譜儀(GC-MS)之質譜圖鑑定。
精油含量在不同季節中春季[3.05% (v/w)]最高，次為秋季[2.58% (v/w)]，及夏季[2.56% (v/w)]，最低者為冬季[2.28% (v/w)]。在不同蒸餾時問之含精油量差異，含油量隨時問而增加，但蒸餾6小時以後含量增加不多。
使用GC及GC-MS鑑定出赤桉葉精油有19個成分，主要成分為1,8-cineole，α-pinene，γ-terpinene，ρ-cymene，4-terpineol及α-terpineol等，其他尚有13個少量成分。在不同季節之成分含量比較，l,8-cineole為所有季節之主要成分，依含量多寡依序為秋季(68.25%)，春季(55.48%)，冬季(46.09%)及夏季(34.07%)，顯然隨季節之不同所含成分之含量有明顯差別。在不同蒸餾時問（2、4、6及8小時）主成分均為1,8-cineole，隨蒸餾時問增長，各精油成分含量有差異，但變化不大。

關鍵字

赤桉 ； 精油 ； 含油量 ； 化學成分

並列摘要

This study was designed to determine the variation in yields and components of essential oils in the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis arinsing from seasonal variation, and different distillation times. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. Components of the essential oils were analyzed and identified by means of retention times (Rt) of gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromtograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
As to seasonal variations in yields of essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves, the highest yield was observed in spring (3.05% v/w), followed by autum (2.58% v/w), and summer (2.56% v/w), with the lowest yield in winter (2.28% v/w). Yields of essential oils obtained from Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves distilled for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours were 2.44, 2.77, 3.05 and 3.19% v/w, respectively. The yield of essential oil increased with increasing distillation time but showed no significant differences after 6 hours of distillation.
Nineteen components (Table 3) were identified in the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves. The main components were 1, 8-cineole, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, ρ-cymene, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. The other minor 13 components, including α-phellandrene and camphene are also presented. The major component of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves in different seasons was 1, 8-cineole; the contents of 1,8-cineole in autumn, spring, winter and summer were 68.25%, 55.48%, 46.09% and 34.07%, respectively. The essential oil gave varying major component contents in different seasons. For different distillation periods, the major component was 1, 8-cineole. There was little difference in contents of each component with respect to distillation time.

並列關鍵字

Eucalyptus camaldulensis ； essential oil ； oil content ； chemical component