- 期刊
- OpenAccess
天然膠作為斑石紋紙膠液特性之研究
Characteristics of Natural Gums Used as Marbling Size
摘要
長期以來，許多植物性物質曾被用來作為斑石紋紙之膠液，一般認為鹿角菜膠最適於製作需要精細梳刮的型樣，本試驗中除鹿角菜膠外，尚選用海藻酸鈉、玉米醣膠、刺槐豆膠及關華豆膠等植物性黏膠，研究其作為斑石紋紙膠液之特性。結果顯示製作梳刮型樣之斑石紋紙時，膠液之黏度及流動性質為重要之影響因子，有時可以藉不同膠液之混合以達到改善黏度及流動特性之目的，例如具偽塑性流動特性之玉米醣膠即可用以改變海藻酸鈉及鹿角菜膠之黏度及流動特性，使適於製作精細之梳刮型樣並可防止顏料之凝集。經由測定吸收過膠液紙張之透氣度可以獲知膠液之成膜性，成膜性太好，可能於再次轉印斑石紋紙型樣時產生問題。這些天然膠易繁殖細菌，如欲使用較長之時間需另行添加防腐劑。在顏料中添加2%-5%之六偏磷酸鈉為隱蔽劑時即可獲得良好之遮蔽效果，它不僅可以防止顏料中之陽離子與海藻酸鈉作用，亦可隱蔽海藻酸鈉上固有之鈣離子，鹿角菜膠及關華豆膠對於陽離子之忍受度較海藻酸鈉高，換言之海藻酸鈉正因為其對陽離子之敏感本質而可創造出更多樣性之型樣。
並列摘要
A variety of vegetable and other materials such as starches, gum tragacanth, carrageenan, salep, and linseed have been recognized over the ages as providing substances for marbling size. The experience of most marblers has indicated that carrageenan size is probably the best medium for producing finely combed patterns. Besides carrageenan, we examined the characteristics of several natural gums including sodium alginate, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and guar gum serving as marbling size. The results suggest that the viscosity and flow characteristics are important factors in marbling, especially in making delicately combed patterns. Due to improper viscosity and flow characteristics, a gum solution might not meet the requirements of size by itself then it is necessary to combine 2 gums with various viscosities and flow characteristics in a proper ratio to produce a more suitable marbling size. It is possible, if desired, to effectively modify the Newtonian flow characteristics of 0.6% sodium alginate and 0.5% carrageenan moss by combining a pseudoplastic xanthan gum with them. The combined size allows the most finely combed patterns to be created and prevents pigments from aggregating. The air permeability of gumimpregnated Chinese ”shuan” papers indicates the film-forming ability of gum solutions. Good film-forming indicates that some problems in overmarbling may exist. Solutions of natural gums serve as food sources for the growth of common microorganisms. Bio-attack decreases the shelf life of gums. Where it is necessary to keep gum solutions for a longer time, for instance, more than 3d for guar gum and 7d for xanthan gum, preservatives may be added to inhibit bacterial growth. The addition of a sequestrant such as sodium hexametaphosphate at a rate of 2% to 5% is recommended to achieve a good shielding effect. It can either prevent cations in the pigment dispersion from reacting with sodium alginate or can sequester the calcium inherent in the sodium alginate solution. Carrageenan moss and guar gum are more tolerant to cations than is sodium alginate. In other words, sodium alginate is more sensitive to cations either inherent in pigments or present due to extra addition. It is expected that a diversity of patterns can be created with solutions of sodium alginate due to its sensitive nature.