福山試驗林森林鳥類之食性觀察

The Diet of Forest Birds at Fushan Experimental Forest

陳炤傑(Chao-Chieh Chen) ； 周蓮香(Lien-Siang Chou)

《台灣林業科學》 14卷3期 (1999/09) Pp. 275-287

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199909.0275

摘要

本研究以行為觀察的方式記錄福山試驗林中森林鳥類的食性。自1997年6月至1998年5月止，每月定期至福山地區，以望遠鏡觀察烏類攝食的食物。本調查共記錄到44種鳥類，1735筆資料，並將大於20筆記錄的14種鳥類的食性做一歸類。植食性鳥種包括紅嘴黑鵯和五色鳥（食果性鳥類），綠繡眼和冠羽畫眉（食蜜性鳥類）及白耳畫眉（主食含果實和花蜜），但後3種僅為非繁殖季之觀察記錄，雜食性鳥類僅繡眼畫眉一種，其餘8種皆為食蟲性鳥類。本研究也記錄到25種鳥類取食48種植物的果實，其中以樟科植物的果實最常被食用，其次是茶科及五加科植物的果實。而鳥類食用的果實類別主要以核果及漿果為主，其次是瘦果、穎果及蒴果，聚合果和堅果僅佔極少數。另外，同科植物的結果期常有相互錯開的現象，其中以樟科和五加科最為明顯，這或許是植物彼此間為了競爭傳播者所演化出來的結果。我們也記錄到6種鳥類取食長果藤的花蜜，但僅其中3種曾食用山櫻花的花蜜。福山地區最優勢的鳥種繡眼畫眉的食性有明顯的季節性變化，在繁殖季時主要以昆蟲為食，而在非繁殖季時利用植物性食物的比例明顯增加，這個趨勢與胃內含物分析之結果相吻合。

關鍵字

烏類 ； 食性 ； 果實 ； 花蜜 ； 福山

並列摘要

This study documents the diet of forest birds at Fushan Experimental Forest through foraging observations. From June 1997 to May 1998, monthly observations were made on foraging birds with binoculars, and the types of food taken were recorded. Forty-four bird species and 1735 foraging observations were recorded. The diet status of 14 species whose records exceeded 20 observations was concluded. Black Bulbul (Hypsipetes madagascariensis) and Muller's Barbet (Megalaima oorti) were frugivorous, and Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonica) and Formosan Yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps) were nectarivorous; in contrast, White-eared Sibia (Heterophasia auricularis) fed on both fruit and nectar. The last 3 species only occurred at Fushan during the non-breeding season. Gray-checked Fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia) was the only omnivorous species, and the remaining 8 species were insectivorous. This study also recorded 25 bird species consuming 48 species of fruits. Fruits of Lauraceae were used most frequently, followed by fruits of Theaceae and Araliaceae. Drupes and berries were the main fruit types used by these forest birds; achenes, caryopsises, capsules the next; and aggregate fruits and nuts much less used. Plants of the same family usually separate their fruiting seasons over a year. This trend was especially clear for Lauraceae and Araliaceae. Such a fruiting pattern is probably the result of competition for dispersers by these closely related plants. Six bird species were recorded consuming the nectar of Aeschynanthus acuminatus, and 3 of them used the nectar of Prunus campanulata. Gray-checked Fulvetta, the most dominant bird species at Fushan, showed clear seasonal change in diet. It mainly preyed on insects during the breeding season but took more plant matter during the non-breeding season. This result is in accordance with diet analysis from gut contents.

並列關鍵字

Bird ； diet ； fruit ； nectar ； Fushan