墾丁國家公園較大型哺乳類動物的現況及保育

Present Status of Larger Mammals in Kenting National Park and Their Conservation Concerns

裴家騏(Jai-Chyi Pei)

《台灣林業科學》 19卷3期 (2004/09) Pp. 199-214

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200409.0199

摘要

墾丁國家公園位於台灣島最南端的恆春半島上。本研究於1998年和2000~2002年間在此國家公園內，以自動照相機在78個樣點研究較大型野生哺乳動物的分布現況。結果共紀錄到赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、大赤鼯鼠(Petaurista petaurista grandis)、野兔(Lepus sinensis formosus)、臺灣獼猴(Macaca cyalopis)、台灣鼬貛(Melogale moschata subaurantiaca)、白鼻心(Paguma larvata taivana)、食蟹獴(Herpestes urva formosanus)、台灣山羌(Muntiacus reevesi micrurus)、台灣梅花鹿(Curvus Nippon taiouanus)和台灣野豬(Sus scrifa taivanus)等10種本土原生種，以及野貓(Felis catus)l種人為引進的野化物種。過去曾有分布但近年亟可能已區域性絕種的則有白面鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus lena)、穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)、水獺(Lutra lutra)、黃鼠狼(Mustela sibirica taivana)、麝香貓(Viverricula indica pallida)、石虎(Felis bengalensis chinensis)和台灣長鬃山羊(Naemorhedus swinhoei)。墾丁國家公園內較大型哺乳類的物種豐富度以位於北邊、原始闊葉森林面積較大的南仁山區為高。整體而言，鼬貛是最常被拍攝到的物種，其次是赤腹松鼠和獼猴。食蟹朦和山羌的數量都相當少，而大赤鼯鼠則極為稀少，牠們都只分布於港口溪以北的南仁山區，且數量可能仍在減少中。就分布範圍來看，赤腹松鼠、鼬貛和白鼻心均為廣泛分布的物種，台灣野豬雖非全區但在多數地區仍有分布，而野貓則僅分布在南邊沿海人口稠密地帶。至於梅花鹿則僅存在於中間的社頂地區，屬於分布侷限的物種。南仁山區是未來梅花鹿極佳的擴散環境。而除了梅花鹿以外，大赤鼯鼠、食蟹獴和台灣山羌等物種目前的分布情形及族群數量均有待改善，可優先作為未來園區內保育工作的目標物種。至於會出現在園區內、半自由或自由活動的家犬、家羊和水牛則有待更積極的經營和管理。

關鍵字

自動照相設備 ； 區域性絕種 ； 地景效應 ； 相對數量 ； 空間分布

並列摘要

Kenting National Park is located on the Hengchun Peninsula in the southernmost part of Taiwan. Present distributions of larger terrestrial mammals were studied here in 1998 and 2000~2002 using auto-trigger cameras at 78 locations. Ten endemic species or subspecies were recorded: the red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista grandis), wild hare (Lepus sinensis formosus), Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis), Formosan ferret-badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca), gem-faced civet (Paguma larvata taivana), crab-eating mongoose (Herpestes urva formosanus), Formosan Reeve's muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi micrurus), Formosan sika deer (Curvus nippon taiouanus), and Formosan wild boar (Sits scrofa taivanus). In addition, feral cat (Fells catus), which is considered wildlife as well, also exists in the park. Species such as white-faced flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus lena), pangolin (Manis pentadactyla), river otter (Lutra lutra), weasel (Mustela sibirica taivana), lesser civet (Viverricula indica pallida), leopard cat (Fells bengalensis chinensis), and Formosan serow (Naemorhedus swinhoei), which once existed in the Kenting area, have already been extirpated. Within the park, the species richness for larger mammals was highest in the Nanrenshan area which encompasses the largest primary broadleaf forests in the northern part of the park. Overall, the ferretbadger was the species most often photographed, followed by the macaque and red-bellied tree squirrel. Both the mongoose and muntjac are rare, while the giant flying squirrel is extremely rare. These 3 species exist only in mountains north of the Gangkou River (i.e., the Nanrenshan area), and their numbers are probably still decreasing. Among the others, the tree squirrel, ferret-badger, and gem-faced civet are the most widely distributed species in the park. Wild boar also exists in most places, while feral cat exists only in the southern coastal areas where there is a concentration of human settlements. Sika deer exist only in the central part of the park (the Cheting area), and it is also the most-confined species. The Nanzenshan area is a proper habitat for population expansion of the re-introduced sika deer. Additionally, future improvements of the flying squirrel, mongoose, and muntjac populations in the park also require substantial conservation measures. A more-effective management program is also needed for managing house dogs and ranching activities of sheep and buffalo which presently exist within the park boundaries.

並列關鍵字

auto-trigger camera device ； extirpation ； landscape effects ； relative abundance ； spatial distribution