臺灣榕屬植物果核形態之研究－澀葉榕與埃及無花果榕亞屬

Study of the Morphology of Pyrenes of Ficus in Taiwan in the Subgenera of Sycidium and Sycomorus

曾喜育(Hsy-Yu Tzeng) ； 莊瑞均(Juei-Chun Chuang) ； 歐辰雄(Chern-Hsiung Ou) ； 呂福原(Fu-Yuan Lu)

《台灣林業科學》 21卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 461-472

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200612.0461

摘要

本研究藉由解剖及掃瞄式電子顯微鏡，觀察臺灣榕屬植物澀葉榕與埃及無花果榕亞屬等2亞屬4節9個分類群之果核形態和表面構造。澀葉榕亞屬與埃及無花果榕亞屬之果核形狀多為橢圓形，長度介於0.7~1.3mm，果核表面多為粗糙，具龍骨稜，表面雕紋基本型為網目型。依果核形態及表面構造特徵比較，埃及無花果亞屬囊果榕節的果核表面為粗重稜，明顯與新榕節不同；另外，在臺灣產澀葉榕亞屬的比較發現，果核特徵的差異反應在喬木及半附生之生活型，與澀葉榕亞屬下劃分澀葉榕節與古榕節之結果吻合。本研究之結果顯示，果核形態與表面雕紋不僅在種階層差異明顯，在節或亞屬階層大致保有共同特徵，其果核特徵可提供該屬植物系統分類及種子傳播的參考依據。

關鍵字

榕屬 ； 果核形態 ； 掃描式電子顯微鏡 ； 系統分類 ； 種子傳播

並列摘要

Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of the pyrenes of 9 taxa of the subgenera Sycidium and Sycomorus of Ficus in Taiwan. The pyrenes are elliptical from 0.7 to 1.3mm with reticulate surfaces. Pyrenes of the subgenus Sycomorus section Sycocrapus differed from these of the other 3 sections due to their rough surface. Sections Sycidium and Palaeomorphe of Subgenus Sycidium obviously differed in the morphology and surface of their pyrenes, which correspond to their life forms of standing trees and semi-epiphytes, respectively. In conclusion, the overall shape and size of pyrenes, the pyrene surface characteristics, and the lumen texture of these cells in the subgenera Sycidium and Sycomorus were variable depending on the species. The characters of pyrenes were stable at the level of section or subgenus, which is important for the systematic classification of Ficus and seed dispersal.

並列關鍵字

Ficus ； morphology of pyrenes ； scanning electron microscopy SEM ； system classification ； seed dispersal