文學與政治：阮籍與嵇康詩文中的政治觀

阮籍與嵇康從文學的書寫中呈現出對於政治的基本關懷與主張，有著與正始玄學迥異的樣貌，深刻地展現在對於禮教的徹底反動，同時透過文學作品中隱藏的政治理解與期待，道出思想在時代的特性與轉折，對於儒道二家政治思想進行了類似判教的反省，跳開「名教出於自然」的間架，更直接地面對了名教與自然之間的緊張性，深層地處理了政治行動者與所在政治社群的關連性，不可諱言，名教與自然的尖銳對立在某個層面挑戰了政治權威，甚而因為衝突造成了政權與政治秩序的危機，然而，正好由於這樣的衝撞，才讓政治秩序、政治權威、政治利益與政治主體在政治實踐的妥適安排，成為一個必須正視與解決的時代議題。透過阮籍與嵇康的詩文，我們看到了文學與政治之間細緻的對話，也看到了知識份子與政治社群成員兩種角色的互動，同時得以重新反思魏晉時期政治思想的變動。

關鍵字

玄學；詠懷詩；無為；至人；遊仙；名教出於自然；任自然越名教

並列摘要

This article tries to unfold the political perspectives hidden in the works of Ruan Ji and Ji kang who are the important philosophers of the Mysticism School in Wei-Jing epoch. We may find the coral concerns that dwelled in the sphere of literature through reading and analyzing the articles and poetry of these two philosophers. We shall analyze the academic position of these two philosophers and discuss the epistemological with ontological understanding found in their Mysticism texts. We shall also deal with several important issues such as ”the relationship between individuals and society”, ”being and non-being”, ”nature and norms”, ”non-action and ideal political leader” and ”how and why to get immortal ”in this article by attentively reviewing the works of Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. The inside struggles revealed in the poetry and articles of Ruan Ji and Ji kang are definitely indicator of the situations that intellectuals in Wei-Jing had to face with. And we may also figure out what will be the true relation when the individual body interacts with the collective or the regime building. This is no doubt the reason why the philosophers have to seek for personal immortality that is one of the twin options decided by different political perspectives and attitudes.