三種私有財產證成中的問題及其盲點

私有財產之本務論的或定言式的證成（相對於目的論或假言式的），大約可以有三種：勞力、自由，與權利。這三種證成本身都有若干問題，而且各自也都是對方的反命題。若仿效康德「二律背反」的方式，則可以顯示：這個矛盾的狀況，其實來自對於「消費財」與「生產財」的區別的忽視、從而「個人」作為「財產擁有者」與「被別人擁有者」之間的混淆。兩者之所以混淆，又來自於「錢」之作用－後者之作用在於：（一）使人與自然之關係同質，（二）使財產同質，（三）使人與人同質。正是在最後這個「使人與人同質」的基礎上，才樹立了自由主義。

關鍵字

洛克；唐君毅；諾齊克；私有財產；錢

並列摘要

Other than ontologically or hypothetically, the ownership of private property may be justified deontologically or categorically in roughly three ways: by labor, by freedom and by rights, each of which has some inner unresolvable problems, and each of which confronts the others as its outer anti-theses. By means of the Kantian Antinomies it is recognized that such a contrast arises due to the indifference between capital goods and consumption goods, and therefore results in the very confusion over the individual being the property owner and the individual being the property owned by others. This confusion can be traced backwards to the functions of money, which reduce to equality the relations between (1) man and nature, (2) different kinds of properties, and (3) man and man. Basing the function of money on the last relation results in liberalism.