《建武三年候粟君所責寇恩事》簡再探

《建武三年候粟君所責寇恩事》簡載東漢光武帝建武三年(27)，居延地區所發生的一椿民間債務糾紛。從《居延漢簡》的相關記錄，知當時處理債務事宜，已有一套完善的法定程序。債權人與債務人階級無論差距多大，皆不會影響債款的收取。既然如此，甲渠候官與客商寇恩的債務糾紛，為什麼還需要透過縣廷來裁決？此外，本案裁決與否？都尉府究竟有沒有裁決權？何以寇恩是由都鄉嗇夫來問訊？這些相關問題，都是了解本篇簡文的重要內容。值得注意的是，這則簡文雖是民事糾紛，但縣廷在處置時，仍是依照漢代刑事訴訟的規定辦理。因此透過此簡，我們既可以認識漢代司法制度的發展狀態，也能理解居延地區處置債務糾紛的辦法。此外，該簡由於只保存了上半部程序，以致於某些相關內容，若無後續秦、漢簡牘的出土，實在很難釐清其中的若干疑點。本文之撰寫，既在前人的研究成果上展開，也因後續所出土的簡牘材料，而得到了相關重要佐證。本文除了吸收前人論述之精華，也參考後續所出土的相關簡牘，期望能對其中難解的疑點，儘可能地做出接近合理的推論。

關鍵字

居延漢簡；候粟君；寇恩；建武三年；爰書；訴訟制度

並列摘要

”Jianwu three years Designate Su Jun The thing responsible Cohen” Jane Revisited. Jane Han Guangwu Jianwu contains three (27), in the Bamboo area occurred one thing, private debt disputes. From ”Juyan Han Dynasty” and related records, can be learned at the dunning for debts, has a comprehensive statutory procedures. Whatever the creditor and the debtor class gap, did not affect the debt collection. Being the case, designate a channel between the government and businessmen Cohen disputes the debt, why it is necessary to rule through the County Mountain? It involves related issues, all content of this article will explore. It is worth noting that although the text is simply a civil dispute, but the County Mountain at the disposal, still in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Han handle. Through this simple, we can understand the development of state of the Han Dynasty of the judicial system, but also understand the Bamboo area approach to disposal of debt disputes. In addition, the simple preserved because only the first half of procedures, so that some of the relevant content, if not follow the Qin, Han bamboo slips unearthed, it is difficult to sort out their doubts. Writing of this paper, both in previous research results on the launch, will have to follow the bamboo slips excavated material, which has been related to important evidence. This attempt by the relevant follow-up by the bamboo slips unearthed, the heel of the previous discourse, and one of a number of mysteries, so close to a reasonable inference, and then explore the full text content.