社會性科學議題情境下高中生道德判斷和其依據之探究

Exploring High School Students' Moral Judgment and Justifications in Socio-Scientific Contexts

盧俊達(Jun-Da Lu) ； 林樹聲(Shu-Sheng Lin)

《科學教育學刊》 27卷3期 (2019/09) Pp. 147-166

https://doi.org/10.6173/CJSE.201909_27(3).0001

摘要

本研究調查不同類組的高中生在面對社會性科學議題時，其「道德判斷和判斷依據」的情況。研究對象來自臺灣中、南部地區四所學校的部分高三學生，共154人，其中社會組（第一類組）56人、自然組非生物科主修（第二類組）48人、自然組生物科主修（第三類組）50人。研究工具為自行發展之「道德思考問卷」，內容包括「再生醫學」、「基因改造作物」、「動物活體實驗」等三個社會性科學議題。研究者採用歸納法分析資料，再統計各類項的百分比，進而以卡方考驗比較不同類組之間的差異。結果發現：整體而言，學生的道德判斷和依據會隨著情境的不同而不同；在「再生醫學」、「動物活體實驗」議題中，學生道德判斷為應該時，判斷依據傾向「目的論」；道德判斷為不應該時，判斷依據傾向「義務論」；第一類組和第三類組學生在面對「動物活體實驗」時，道德判斷呈現顯著差異（χ^2＝12.60，p＜.005），第一類組傾向不應該，第三類組傾向應該；而第一類組和第二類組學生在面對「基因改造作物」議題時，道德判斷依據則達顯著差異（χ^2＝11.04，p＜.050），第一類組傾向「目的論」，第二類組傾向「義務論」。文末針對社會性科學議題教學中的道德判斷、未來研究提出相關的建議。

關鍵字

社會性科學議題 ； 高中生 ； 道德判斷 ； 道德判斷依據

並列摘要

This study explored moral judgments and justifications of senior high school students with different majors. One hundred and fifty-four subjects coming from four senior high schools located in the central and south-western parts of Taiwan joined this study. This study consisted of 56 students majoring in social science (Group I), 48 students majoring in science without biology (Group II), and 50 students majoring in biology (Group III). The questionnaire used in this study assessed students' moral judgments and justifications in three different Socio-Scientific scenario contexts: ＂regenerative medicine,＂ ＂genetically-modified organism (GMO),＂ and ＂animal experiments.＂ Researchers analyzed data using the inductive method, statistical percentage, and Chi-square tests. Results showed that senior high school students' moral judgments and justifications varied, depending on the Socio-Scientific scenario context. Most students when faced with scenarios involving ＂regenerative medicine＂ and ＂animal experiments＂ were inclined to adopt teleological justifications to support their moral judgments on what they thought they ＂should＂ do and were inclined to construct deontological justifications for their moral judgments on what they thought they ＂should not＂ do. Group I was significantly different from Group III in moral judgments in the context of animal experiments (χ^2 = 12.60, p ＜ .005). Most students in Group I were ＂against＂ and most students in Group III were ＂for＂ these experiments. Moreover, Group I was significantly different from Group II in moral justifications in the context of GMO (χ^2 = 11.04, p ＜ .050). Most students in Group I made teleological justifications and most students in Group II constructed deontological justifications. Implications for the use of moral judgment in Socio-Scientific Issue instruction in future research is also forwarded.

並列關鍵字

Socio-Scientific Issues ； Senior High School Students ； Moral Judgment ； Moral Justifications

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