全球化時代的理性反思與人類前途－從經濟、社會與宗教信仰論述

The Prospect of Human Beings and the Rational Reflection of the Era of Globalization-From the View of Economy, Society and Religious Belief

巨克毅(Ker-Yi Chu)

《宗教哲學》 73期 (2015/09) Pp. 115-138

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.2015.09.73.115

摘要

全球化不僅擴大了人類文明的共同利益，更加深了國家之間的相互依賴與合作聯繫，對促進世界繁榮與進步有著重要貢獻。然而隨著全球化帶來的正面經濟成長效果外，在經濟成長背後，卻呈現出各種社會問題與危機，例如：貧富差距擴大、人性物慾橫流、暴力犯罪增加、環境氣候惡化、社會劇變加速等，這些皆有待吾人嚴肅地正視與反省因應之。現代社會自西方工業革命發展迄今，三百多年來在西方理性主義觀念的主導之下，發展出一種科學理性（工具理性／經濟理性）的支配性思維方式，其影響當今世界人類生活至深且鉅。其運用到當代經濟學領域中，發展出以追求自身利益最大化的功利性思維；而在政治學領域亦運用理性選擇論，作為公共決策與權力分配的重要憑藉。因此，本文首先欲探討當代人類理性觀念發展的現況，以及其對社會整體秩序建構造成的影響；其次，本文從觀察當前經濟發展中的各種途徑與模式論述起，分析自由主義市場經濟的走向與影響，深刻反思經濟自由主義的本質與問題。再次，從社會發展面向分析，透過對當代社會正義與平等的期盼與實踐，說明人類合理生活的建構模式基礎。最後，本文反省吾人欲要重建全球化時代的新希望與未來光明前途，則必須依賴宗教信仰－博愛精神的啟迪與教化，才能激發人類心靈的自覺與提升。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 理性主義 ； 批判理論 ； 後現代思潮 ； 發展理論 ； 社會正義

並列摘要

Globalization not only expands the mutual benefits of human civilization, but also accelerates the cooperation and dependencies among countries, which has made a great contribution to the world’s prosperity and progress However, other than the positive economic growth after globalization, what follows behind are social crises such as the growing gap between the rich and the poor, the increase of violent crimes, the deteriorated environment, the upheaval of societies and acquisitive people …etc, and these are problems we need to solve and reflect on seriously. Due to the western industrial revolution, lead by the western rationalism over 300 years, there has developed a way of thinking dominated by the scientific rationality(instrument rationality/economy rationality) which affected human life nowadays and, applied to the contemporary economic fields, it develops into a utilitarian thinking pursuing the maximization of one’s benefit; moreover, in the political field, the rational choice theory was applied as an important virtue to make public decisions and the redistribution of powers. Therefore, this article will first discuss the current situation of the contemporary development of human rationalism and how it affects the construction of the whole social order. Secondly, the observation of means and models within the development of current economy will be the basis for this article to discourse the tendency and influence on the market economy of liberalism so as to have a deep reflection on the nature and problems of it. Next, with analysis from the aspect of social development, this article will elaborate the fundamental model of reasonable human lives through practices and expectations of social justice and equality. Lastly, this article reflects that in order to reconstruct a bright future and new hopes for the globalized era, we must depend on lectures and enlightenments of religious beliefs to stimulate the self-conscious and the promotion of human mind.

並列關鍵字

Globalization ； Rationalism ； Critical Theory ； Thoughts of Postmodernism ； Development Theory ； Social Justice