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我國國小教育及幼兒教育改革初探-行政干預與市場機制之比較觀點

A Preliminary Study on Elementary Schools and Pre-School Education Reform in Taiwan-comparative Perspectives of Administrative Intervention and Market Mechanism

摘要


我國傳統之國小教育體制屬「韋伯官僚科層體制」,再配合分發入學學區制度,使公立學校成為獨占廠商,以致辦學績效不彰,無法符合社會的教育需求。這些教育體制所造成的問題,成為學校選擇權理念興起、主張引進競爭之教育市場機制的法制背景之一。同時,於一九八○年代由於教育資源有限,世界各國政府無不藉助「自由經濟市場機制」的開放競爭與建立評鑑制度以減輕政府財政支出,並提升教育機構品質。 在一片教育改革市場化之聲浪中,國小教育鼓勵私人興學與教科書審定制度,皆因為傳統行政干預之思維以及市場機制改革之力有未逮,實施並未徹底,問題叢生;而幼兒教育引進教育券政策,雖是尊重市場機能,自由選擇學校的手段之一,但政府為維持市場資訊流通、市場秩序以及保證學校品質,實施評鑑與監督,實屬必要之政府管制。在現今提倡國教向下延伸之初,重視國小與幼教體系銜接之時,本文以行政干預和市場機制在我國教育領域的彼消我長作為分析的主軸,檢視此兩個階段教育改革之特色與啟示。 目前我國致力於普及幼兒教育及改善幼兒教育品質,進而提倡國教向下延伸一年之政策,然依循著教改脈絡發現,國小教育與幼兒教育形成雙頭馬車之現象,無法銜接與一貫,因此本文試著擷取行政干預、以強制義務手段和用財政撥款方式,來保證普及又公平的教育之優點,結合以優勝劣敗的市場機制、以保證家長與學生的選擇權,學校的自主空間,而強調品質與效益,提出政策建議-於體制外與私立小學提倡「教育券」,於公立小學提倡「學校本位管理」,採取幼兒教育券新自由主義之家長教育選擇權,以及重視國民義務教育之人民基本教育權,為行政干預與市場機制之改革與擺盪取一平衡點。

並列摘要


Legal-rational type of bureaucracy and school zoning make public elementary schools inefficient monopolies in Taiwan. Free market competition makes pre-school education efficient, but opportunities of access to quality education are not necessarily equal. So it is important to consider how to prevent administrative intervention from being inefficient and how to protect individuals’ equal opportunities in free markets when thinking about education reform. This research focuses on the school privatization and textbook reform in elementary schools and educational vouchers in pre-school education. These reforms are analyzed from comparative perspectives of administrative intervention and market mechanism. After considering both advantages and disadvantages of administrative intervention and market mechanism respectively, educational vouchers and school-based management are proposed as policy alternatives to guarantee the right of education on the one hand, and to improve efficiency and quality of education on the other hand.

參考文獻


Ball, S.(1990).Politics and Policy Making in Education.London:Routkledge.
Ball, S.(1990).Politics and Policy Making in Education.London:Routkledge.
Chapman, J.,Dunstan, J.(1990).Democracy and Bureaucracy: Tensions in Public School Schooling.London:Falmer.
Chapman, J.,Dunstan, J.(1990).Democracy and Bureaucracy: Tensions in Public School Schooling.London:Falmer.
Eggleston, J.(1980).School-based Curriculum Development in Britain.London:RKP.

被引用紀錄


張靜文(2008)。幼稚園親師互動研究—Foucault 權力觀點之分析〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0804200910203343
陳姿蘭(2012)。幼兒教師的評量行為及其相關因素之研究—從努力及和諧角度探討〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1610201315294406

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