多元族群社會下的華族母語高等教育：馬來西亞「獨立大學」籌建的歷史意義

Chinese Vernacular Higher Education in a Plural Society: The Historical Significance of Merdeka University Proposal

曹淑瑤(Shu-Yao Tsao)

《興大歷史學報》 23期 (2011/06) Pp. 75-94

https://doi.org/10.29624/CHJH.201106.0003

摘要

獨立大學的籌創，源於馬來西亞高等教育資源的不足，以及馬來西亞華族對於華族的民族文化認同，但這個構想卻在以馬來民族與文化為核心的馬來西亞國族建構過程中，遭遇執政當局的排擠而無法實踐。然而，華族強調其母語教育的理想已內化到許多華人的心目中，成為一種民族文化認同的體現，因此，獨立大學雖未能設立，但馬來西亞華族社會經過調整策略後，終能在1990年代成立南方、新紀元及韓江三間以華族文化為核心價值的民辦學院，這種現象的出現，顯現華族的民族文化認同不可能因馬來化的國家建構而消失，如同一座看似平靜的死火山，事實上，卻是一座活火山。

關鍵字

華族 ； 多元社會 ； 母語教育 ； 獨立大學 ； 馬來西亞

並列摘要

To preserve their national culture and improve the education opportunities of their children, the Malaysian Chinese attempted to found a private university, namely Merdeka University in 1969. As the Malay elite who dominated the political arena intended to build a nation-state with the Malay culture and language as the core values, the government refused to grant the permission. Nonetheless, the establishment of ”Merdeka University” became a dream of many Malaysian Chinese. With some compromises, three Chinese colleges were founded in 1990s. The establishment of these colleges reveals that the pursuit of national culture and identity of the Malaysian Chinese just looks like an active volcano rather then an extinct volcano.

並列關鍵字

Ethnic Chinese ； Plural Society ； Chinese Vernacular Education ； Merdeka University ； Malaysia

參考文獻

Butcher, John G.(1979).The British in Malaya, 1880-1941.Kuala Lumpur:Oxford University Press.

Means, Gordon P.(1970).Malaysian Politics.London:University of London Press.

Hayes, Carlton J. H.(1953).The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism.New York:Russell and Russell.

Roff, W. R.(1967).The Origins of Malay Nationalism.Kuala Lumpur:University of Malaya Press.

Redfield, M. P.(ed.)(1963).The Social Uses of Social Science: The Papers of Robert Redfield.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.