試論環境美學與宗炳山水書論對自然鑒賞鐵會通

A Study of Environmental Aesthetics and ZongBing's Theory of Mountains and Waters Painting toward Nature Appreciation

陳慶坤(Ching-Kuen Chen)

《應用倫理評論》 49期 (2010/10) Pp. 87-124

https://doi.org/10.29904/JAF.201010.0006

摘要

在談到魏晉環境美學的時候，一般研究者往往著重對老莊思想的啟示，然以先秦的時代背景而言，發展出近代環境美學的審美意識，可能言之過早，畢竟他們尚未面臨像現代人類對環境變遷的危機意識。倒是在魏晉時期，因爲持續長達五世紀的爭戰，反而迫使人們因爲對這種戰亂的逃避心理，企圖心靈的超越，而與自然環境的契合，遂產生中國文人對自然環境的審美取向，這是本文所亟欲探討的重點。因爲就玄學來看，此時玄風所談的是「人」如何超脫現實以達到精神上逍遙的境界；就美學而言，此時美學意識覺醒，確認美的本源就在「人」的自身，如何超脫現實以達到自然美學意識的覺醒。這種主客體互相辯證的關係，與現代環境美學所訴求的自然審美意識所欲建立環境保護意識，是有其值得借鑒的可取之處。

關鍵字

魏晉南北朝 ； 宗炳 ； 山水畫論 ； 環境美學 ； 自然美學

並列摘要

When talking about the environmental aesthetics of Wei Jin dynasties, most researchers only focused on the inspiration of Lao's and Chuang's wisdom. And it was impossible to develop the idea of appreciation as modern environmental aesthetics during the period before Chin dynasty for they had no need to face the crisis of environmental change as modern people. However, due to the continuous wars and battles about 5 centuries during Wei Jin period, which forced people to evade wars trying to transcend spirit and to get into harmony with natural environment, Chinese literati at that time formed their trend of appreciation toward natural environment. It was the purpose of this study, for metaphysics at that time focused on how people could get rid of reality to reach spiritual freedom; for aesthetics at that time was just awakened to confirm that the origin of beauty was on ”human” oneself, and how to detach from reality to awaken the sense toward natural aesthetics. It was worth to study and learn from the relation of mutual dialectics between subject and object and the environmental protection built by natural appreciation, the goal of modern environmental aesthetics.

並列關鍵字

Wei ； Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties ； ZongBing ； Theory of mountains and waters painting ； Environmental aesthetics ； Natural aesthetics

參考文獻

蔣勁松，2009，〈環境美學：不僅僅是審美之學〉，2009 年6 月15 日，取自 http://special.cpst.net.cn/readbook/dsxd/2010_02/267345693.html

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