Coronavirus Phase and Major Influencing Factors in Determining Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients with COVID-19

Sujata Satapathy ； Laxmi Tej Wundavalli ； Rakesh Kumar Chadda ； Sidhartha Satpathy ； Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari ； Sheetal Singh ； Angel Rajan Singh ； Yogesh Kumar ； Vijay Prasad Barre

《台灣精神醫學》 36卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 59-67

https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_14_22

摘要

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among COVID-19 inpatients during the initial and peak coronavirus phase in the largest public sector hospital in India. Methods: With a prospective observational design, we included 761 male and female COVID-19-hospitalized patients. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. Results: Totally, 612 males and 149 females had a mean age of 36.68 ± 11.72 (mean ± standard deviation) years. The prevalences of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms for the total sample were 12.6%, 19.2%, 19.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Significant differences existed in the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression between the initial coronavirus and peak coronavirus phase (13.7% vs. 11%, χ^2 = 9.37 p ＜ 0.01), 22.1% vs. 14.7%, χ^2 = 23.04, p ＜ 0.01), 21.04% vs. 16.3%, χ^2 = 15.78, p ＜ 0.01) but not in that of PTSD. Except for psychological distress, there was no gender difference. Coronavirus phase and employment status had significant interaction effects (p ＜ 0.01) on anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Younger age, males in full-time jobs, in marital relationship, poor socioeconomic status were the risk factors, and comorbidity was the important risk factor. The result of this study could highlight the need for compulsory mental health screening and necessary medical/non-medical mental health support to all admitted patients.

關鍵字

mental health ； multivariate analysis ； prevalence ； time-period

參考文獻

Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, et al.: The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2020; 66: 317-20.

Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al.: A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 40-8.

Mohindra R, Ravaki R, Suri V, et al.: Issues relevant to mental health promotion in frontline health care providers managing quarantined/isolated COVID19 patients. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51: 102084.

Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al.: The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e923549.

Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, et al.: Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? a case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87: 100-6.