家庭政策之兩難－從傳統意識型態出發

Dilemmas of Family Policy in Taiwan: The Family Ideology Really Matters?

許雅惠(Yea-Huey Sheu)

《社會政策與社會工作學刊》 4卷1期 (2000/06) Pp. 237-289

https://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.200006.0237

摘要

本文討論概分三部份。第一、探討「家庭政策」(Family Policy)的概念與其在台灣福利體系中展現的形式。第二、分析國家角色在上述政策領域的表現，檢視台灣的「家－國」關係，及其所持有的政策動機與意識型態；第三部份則以作者訪談相關政策制定者所得的資料，探討目前台灣在家庭政策制定上所面臨的兩難課題。本文主張，當女性單親家庭落入貧窮的現象日益明顯，貧窮女性化與家庭意識型態間的衝突本質也隨之浮現。不論是透過明顯的社會政策目標或是社會政策無意中造成的影響(unintended consequence)，傳統的家庭意識型態對於家庭政策的制定有相當決定性的影響。在傳統的家庭意識型態脈絡下，國家對於家庭，家庭與個人關係的假設與定位，乃至其所提供的相關福利，不僅無法從根解決女性貧窮與經濟不安全的問題，更有透過此一傳統意識型態合理化婦女對於男性、家庭以及對國家福利的依賴之嫌。本文主張，目前以傳統家庭意識型態為主軸的家庭政策必須正視人口老化以及家庭結構多元化的需求變遷，揚棄對特定家庭型態的意識型態與道德偏好，才能真正看到家庭的需求與福祉之所在。

關鍵字

家庭政策 ； 貧窮女性化 ； 傳統家庭意識型態 ； 照顧私有化

並列摘要

This paper firstly introduces the concept of family policy, identifying income support and social care as two of the most important policy fields which affect family well-being. Secondly, the paper looks at its current performance of family policy and the relationship between the family and. the state in Taiwan. It goes on to examine the ideology behind family policy, arguing that the traditional Chinese family ideology is used as a convenient smokescreen by the state to rationalize the poor performance of family policy. The family policy furthermore reinforces women's dependency on the patriarchal structure, which favors one specific family type over others. The suggestions drawn from the interviews with social security officers indicate that indeed, there are dilemmas in the process of making family policy for the state to consider further. However, the existing policy for families is incompatible with present family needs, and this makes women more vulnerable to poverty.

並列關鍵字

family policy ； feminization of poverty ； Chinese family ideology

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