英國濟貧政策的形成與轉化(1601-1834)從馬克思觀點的探討

本文旨在探討英國自中世紀以來尋求處理流浪、貧窮及福利依賴的種種措施，因凡此各項法令規章隨著時日推移，從而逐漸演變爲後來政府的濟貧方法社會福利行政。也因此，英國被稱爲是實施社會福利政策最老牌的國家，是最先啓動「社會福利國家」的列車，並以其悠久傳統與豐富經驗影響著世界。舉其要者，諸如區分「值得救濟／不值得救濟」的救濟方式以及貧民勞役所所設計的「強制工作式救濟」的版本，時至今日的歐美所倡導之「福利改革」，依然沿襲著它的說法與做法。然而，馬克思適逢濟貧法的改革年代，又對貧窮問題、濟貧法及工廠法等皆有其獨到的見解。所以，在濟貧政策的探究上，馬克思的學說仍是一個不可忽視的觀點。

關鍵字

貧窮；濟貧政策；失業；社會福利；馬克思

並列摘要

This paper aims to trace the history of the formation of welfare measures since the middle age in England—how it dealt with the problems of homeless, poverty, and pauperism (welfare-dependence), and how it was transformed into Poor Law policies and social welfare administration. England has been widely acclaimed to be the forerunner of welfare states; its long legacy of implementing welfare policies has shaped the formation of late-coming welfare policies throughout the world. For instance, the policies under the rubric of workfare bear the distinctive mark of the distinction between the deserving/non-deserving poor, which was the trademark of the Workhouse system. Karl Marx, a contemporary of the reformation of Poor Law, enlightened us with his insights in the problem of poverty, poor law, and factory laws. His doctrine, therefore, remains indispensable for modern study of Poor Laws.

並列關鍵字

poverty ； Poor Laws ； unemployment ； social welfare ； Marx

參考文獻

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英國濟貧政策的形成與轉化(1601-1834)從馬克思觀點的探討

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