跨國移工權利分析－歐盟經驗

跨國移工權利在台灣是一個我們越來越需要去正視的問題。本文以跨國移工權利發展方面經驗最為豐富的歐盟為分析對象，檢視跨國移工在歐盟內部所享之政治以及社會權，並且對歐盟高度發展的會員國間之跨國移工權利提出解釋。歐盟內部跨國移工所享權利之分水嶺為「歐盟公民」身份之具備與否。首先，在具有「歐盟公民」身份之移工部份，跨國移工之權利是隨著歐洲整合的進程在向前移動。社會權部份，雖然「社會救助」及「健康保險」方面歐盟內部跨國的實質整合仍受到層層限制，但歐盟正持續不斷在朝更深入的整合努力。而「社會安全」之整合，則已使得歐盟在移工權利之發展上居於世界領導地位。政治權方面，對於具有歐盟公民身份之跨國移工而言，「歐盟公民」之建立使得移工在地主國投票、參選的權利獲得了相當程度的保障。至於來自非歐盟會員國之移工權利是近來歐盟移工權利發展中，最值得玩味的一個部份。長久以來，「非歐盟公民」一直不受「人員自由流動」之保障。在「歐盟公民」建立後，非歐盟公民與歐盟公民間的差距更為顯著。然而正由於此一強烈對比，迫使歐盟會員國必須正視這個問題，進而改變對待非歐盟公民的方式。唯本文分析顯示，目前「非歐盟公民」權利的擴張基本上仍僅限於社會權部份；非歐盟公民在歐盟所享之政治權，在近期內則並與顯著改善的跡象。

關鍵字

跨國移工；歐盟；人員自由流動；歐洲整合；移工社會權；移工政治權；非歐盟公民

並列摘要

As a country that has been importing foreign workers for 14 years, Taiwan needs to seriously examine the way foreign workers have been treated in our society. This article examines bow rights of transnational migrants have been developed in the EU and provides explanations for the high level of migrant rights-especially with respect to migrants from other EU member states-achieved in this area. Migrant rights and the process of regional integration moved forward side by side in Europe. With respect to social rights, whereas substantial integration in ”social assistance” and ”health insurance” are still limited, the EU has done remarkably in integrating ”social security” schemes of its Member States. With regard to political rights, the creation of ”Union citizenship” has warranted migrants' right to vote and to participate in elections to a certain degree. The most interesting developments, however, pertain to the expansion of the rights of ”third country nationals”. For decades, third country nationals were treated as outsiders in European societies. The creation of Union citizenship further widened the differences between the insiders and the outsiders Alarmed by such a development, the Member State governments finally agreed to change the EU-level policies towards third country nationals. As this article will demonstrate, however, significant improvements in the treatment of third country nationals are confined to social rights. So far as political rights are concerned, third country nationals continue to be treated largely as outsiders.

並列關鍵字

transnational migrant workers ； the European Union ； free movement of persons ； European integration ； migrants' social rights ； migrants' political rights ； third country nationals

參考文獻

藍佩嘉(2002)。跨越國界的生命地圖：菲籍家務移工的流動與認同。台灣社會研究季刊。48，11-59。

盧倩儀(2003)。從歐盟會員國公民概念之比較評估歐洲公民之實質化。問題與研究季刊。5(42)，55-79。

Agence Europe(2004).An Unpleasant, but Largely Imaginary Aspect of Enlargement.(Bulletin Quotidien Europe).

Google Scholar

Agence Europe(2004).Enlarged Commission Debates Working Programme up to November-Mr. Prodi to Raise Issue of Free Movement of Workers at European Council.(Bulletin Quotidien Europe).

Google Scholar

Castles, S.(2002).Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization.The International Migration Review.36（4）,1143-1168.

Google Scholar

國際替代計量

跨國移工權利分析－歐盟經驗

未授權

主題瀏覽