我國公共服務擴大就業計畫之再就業效果評析：從積極勞動市場的角度

Effects of Public Service Employment Program on Re-employment: The Perspective of Active Labor Market Policies

傅從喜(Tsung-Hsi Fu)

《社會政策與社會工作學刊》 10卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 115-149

https://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.200606.0115

摘要

「公共服務擴大就業計畫」不論就其投入經費或參與人員數而言，都算是我國近年來規模最大的社會工程之一，其實施成效值得關注。本研究是以積極勞動政策的角度，來評估此項方案的再就業效果。本研究之進行，是以分層系統抽樣方式選取樣本，再以電話訪問方式對方案進用人員進行結構式問卷調查。訪問結果總計得有效樣本2,014份。調查發現，公服計畫進用人員回到一般就業市場之比例約為三成；且成功再就業者中，大部分是在離開公服計畫後相當短之時間內，即重回一般就業市場。另一方面，成功再就業者中，也有相當比例是從事臨時性或不穩定就業。經邏輯回歸分析發現，進用人員的年齡、教育程度、參加公服計畫前之失業長度、參加公服計畫前是否工作過、公服工作內容是否與就業專長相符等，都對其是否成功再就業有顯著之影響。整體而言，人力資本較優、勞動市場參與之經歷較佳者，其再就業之機率較高。顯示公服計畫具有協助進用人員過渡失業階段之效果，但對改善勞動市場弱勢者之就業處境方面，成效較為有限。另一方面，透過比較進用人員在參與公服計畫前後的薪資水準，也發現公服計畫相當程度具有協助進用人員維持就業力與所得能力的效果。

關鍵字

公共服務擴大就業計畫 ； 積極勞動市場政策 ； 結構性失業 ； 工作創造 ； 再就業

並列摘要

The Public Service Employment (PSE) scheme in Taiwan was one of its largest social programs in terms of financial input and numbers of participants. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to its outcomes. The purposes of implementing this scheme are multiple, including social, economic, and labor market goals. This paper evaluates the PSE scheme from the perspective of active labor market policies. The main purpose is to review the impact of the PSE scheme on participants' re-employment. Analyses in this paper are based on results of a structural survey. The survey was conducted by telephone interview, and the samples were drawn from the participants based on stratified sampling. A total number of 2,014 samples were successfully interviewed. This research has found that, at the time of survey, the re-employment rate of PSE participants was 32.8%. Among those who had been back to unsubsidized job, many have found a regular job soon after they left the PSE scheme. However, some of them were doing temporary jobs. Using a logistic model, this research has found that several variables, such as participants' age, education level, length of unemployment before entering the PSE scheme, previously participated in the labor market before the PSE scheme or not, and whether PSE job matched their job skills, have significant impact on the probability of reemployment. Generally speaking, participants with better human capital and better labor market records have higher probability of finding a regular job. This implies that the PSE scheme is helpful for participants to get through the unemployment, although its effect on improving the employability of the disadvantaged is limited. On the other hand, comparing participants' wages before and right after the PSE scheme, the results showed that to some extent the PSE scheme has helped participants to maintain their employability and wage level.

並列關鍵字

public service employment ； active labor market policy ； structural unemployment ； direct job creation ； re-employment

參考文獻

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