組織內部成員間知識分享為知識管理活動中,最基礎也是最關鍵的課題。本研究旨從人際間互動角度,將新產品開發團隊成員之知識分享區分為分享意願與能力,並且根據交易成本理論(經濟理性互動)與社會交換理論(社會理性互動)之論點,探討影響團隊成員間知識分享之關鍵因素,以及知識分享對新產品開發績效之影響。在實證研究方面,本研究以國內電子相關產業之新產品開發團隊為研究對象,進行問卷調查。研究結果發現,新產品開發團隊成員間知識分享意願與能力,一方面會受到有限理性與投機主義等經濟性互動因素之阻礙,另一方面卻由於信任、利他行為與互惠等社會性因素,促進成員間知識分享的意願。團隊成員間有效地知識分享將能提昇新產品在開發速度與創新方面的績效。此一實證結果,除了將知識分享的內涵更進一步地詮釋於組織知識管理的學術意涵外,對於實務界之運作亦提出知識分享機制之建議。
Knowledge sharing is a key element of successful knowledge management. However, many of the extant studies treat knowledge sharing as a black box that still waiting to be explored. In synthesis of Transaction Cost Economics and Social Exchange Theory, the present study tries to identify main conceptual constructs of members' collective knowledge sharing (i.e. willingness and capability), and to explore the factors affecting knowledge sharing. It also discusses the influence of knowledge sharing on N.P.D. performance. Empirical outcomes are analyzed and discussed, and finally relative managerial implications are articulated.