Managerial Roles of Country Managers and Coordination Mechanisms: An Empirical Research of Transnational Corporations in Taiwan

本研究主要探討跨國企業中國家經理的管理角色及演變，並以在台外商的國家經理為研究對象，進行實證研究。有關跨國企業的經營策略與組織結構設計方面的研究雖多，惟若沒有適當的經理人員，徒有精密複雜的策略與結構，恐亦無法凝聚組織能力，跨國企業的策略目標難以有效達成。在國際管理文獻中，有關國家經理角色之研究較少，且性質上多屬敘述性的描繪，鮮少有實證方面的探討。國家經理在跨國企業經營體系中，由於是全球整合與地區回應折衝之所在，其角色原本相當重要。惟晚近歐洲及北美的研究指出，由於全球或區域整合的策略壓力逐漸昇高，很多經營決策的自主權逐漸由國家經理移轉到全球或區域產品經理的手中，國家經理角色的重要性也日益降低。在本研究中，我們以台灣地區的跨國企業為研究對象，探討國家經理的管理角色及演進。我們首先提出分析架構，除了文獻所提的子公司決策自主權之外，並提出跨國企業其它兩項重要的協調機制（即子公司間和子公司內的網絡連帶角色，和績效評估政策），以這三項指標作為國家經理角色分類之基礎，並據此提出相關之研究假設，說明不同類型的國家經理如何在這三項協調機制上有所不同。我們進一步進行實證研究，以台灣地區五十九位外商的國家經理為樣本，進行訪談和問卷調查，並以統計分析來檢驗前述之各項研究假設。研究結果發現，在台外商國家經理的管理角色日益重要，決策自主權提高，與前述在北美及歐洲地區之發現不同。若干地區性和子公司策略角色的因素，可能可以說明此項差異的原因。

關鍵字

國際管理；國家經理；協調機制

並列摘要

This paper focuses on the changing roles of country manager s of transnational corporations operating in Taiwan. Recent studies show that country managers in North America and Europe are losing decision-making autonomy and entrepreneurial initiative, as power shifts from national subsidiaries to regional or global product divisions. In this paper, we first develop a framework combining three coordination mechanisms, i.e., subsidiary autonomy, inter- and intra-subsidiary networking, and performance assessment policy to describe and categorize the roles of country managers, and then develop hypotheses concerning how various types of country managers differ with respect to these three coordination mechanisms. An empirical research, using fifty-nine country managers in Taiwan as a sample, was then conducted to test these hypotheses. In addition, we report the results on how the roles of country managers in Taiwan change over time and then compare the trend with that occurred in North America and Europe. The results show that the subsidiary autonomy possessed by country manager is increasing, contradicting the trend identified in the West.

並列關鍵字

Intemational Management ； Country Manager ； Coordination Mechanisms

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

Managerial Roles of Country Managers and Coordination Mechanisms: An Empirical Research of Transnational Corporations in Taiwan

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