Decision-Making Autonomy and Divisional Effectiveness in Multibusiness Firms: From Contingency Perspective to Cultural Control Perspective

決策自主程度對多角化企業之事業單位經營績效之影響：情境觀點與文化控制觀點之探討

朱文儀(Wen-Yi Chu) ； 莊正民(Cheng-Min Chuang)

《Asia Pacific Management Review》 4卷4期 (1999/12) Pp. 345-356

https://doi.org/10.6126/APMR.1999.4.4.01

摘要

策略管理的學術研究指出，因不同的策略性事業單位具有不同的策略需求及組織特性，公司總部與各個事業單位之間的互動關係－尤其是事業單位的決策自主權－應有所不同，才能在策略執行上達成績效。在探討多角化企業的內部異質性峙，學者多以經濟及結構面出發，而主張事業單位的決策自主程度乃受到若干情境因素的影響，例如：當一事業單位採行差異化的競爭策略、面對快速變動的產業環境、或是少與其它事業單位分享資源時，總公司即應授與該事業單位較高的決策自主權，以促進其績效。然而，授權本身亦有其成本與風險：組織的失控、各單位間昂貴而不必要的重複活動，並使跨事業單位之間最佳實務與知識的移轉受到限制。因此，本研究提出，除了情境觀點的決策自主程度之外，文化控制觀點的「共同價值」亦屬重要。共同價值能促進組織成員的互惠互賴並提高個人與組織的目標一致性，使公司得以充分授權各事業單位而免除上述之風險與疑慮。因此，事業單位之績效不應只受情境因素與決策自主程度二者所影響，而是受情境因素、決策自主程度，與共同價值三者之間的互動關係所影響，本研究提出研究假說，以台灣地區的大型多角化企業為樣本進行問卷調查，提出實證分析之結果以支持本研究之假說。

關鍵字

決策自主 ； 績效 ； 多角化

並列摘要

Recent academic studies on diversification have argued that the HQ-divisional relations should differ accordingly in order to implement the firm's chosen strategy effectively. When examining the internal differentiation, scholars have adopted an economic and structural approach. That is, the appropriate HQ-divisional relation, particularly divisional autonomy, is determined by contingency variables: when a division is following a differentiation strategy, is facing a volatile environment, and is not sharing resource s with other divisions, the granting of autonomy will lead to improved divisional performance. However, costs and risks may also pertain to autonomy: loss of control, unnecessary and costly repetitions in every division, and insufficient transfer of best practice within the organization. Therefore, we argue that, in addition to autonomy, culture and shared values are important. Shared values create a sense of reciprocity within the organization and help match individual interests with organizational goals. With strong shared values the corporate center will be more willing to grant autonomy without the fear that its divisions will misbehave. Effectiveness thus should be determined by the interaction of autonomy, contingency variables, and shared values. By using the data collected via a questionnaire survey from the large diversified business groups in Taiwan, we provide statistical evidence that supports our predictions.

並列關鍵字

Autonomy ； Effectiveness ； Multibusiness

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