提升我國積體電路產業競爭優勢之關鍵因素

Key Factors to Promote International Competitive Advantage of Taiwan's IC Industry

張淑昭(Shu-Chao Chang) ； 陳淑惠(Shu-Hui Chen) ； 曾雪卿(Hsueh-Ching Tseng)

《Asia Pacific Management Review》 5卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 503-520

https://doi.org/10.6126/APMR.2000.5.4.08

摘要

積體電路（IC）產業由於與電子產品和個人電腦的發展息息相關，而成為1990年代以後最重要的產業之一。我國位居全球第四大積體電路半導體工業國，在競爭激烈的產業環境中，未來如何在既有優勢下，持續提升產業國際競爭優勢，是我國發展半導體產業努力之方向。故本研究以我國積體電路產業為研究對象，應用分析層級程序法（AHP），匯集專家意見，進行提升我國積體電路產業競爭優勢之關鍵因素的研究。經由文獻探討結果，建立初步之層級架構，再設計為第一階段調查問卷，以匯集專家意見，修改初步層級架構，而建立本研究分析層級，最後AHP分析歸結出提升我國IC產業設爭優勢之因素，分為六大構面，共25個因素。六大構函中以企業策略、結構和競爭一項最為重要，而政府的重要性程度則位居最後。構成要素條件之因素中，以人力資源最為重要。構成需求條件之因素中，以開拓國際市場最受重視。構成相關及支援產業之因素中，以光罩工業最為重要：構成企業策略、結構和競爭構面中，以技術研發能力最為重要；構成政府因素中，以制訂適宜的政策與獎勵措施最被認同；構成機會因素中，則以全球或區域市場需求遞增最受肯定。最後，研究結論總結提升我國積體電路產業競爭優勢之六項關鍵因素依序為：開拓國際市場，人力資源，技術研發能力，制定適宜的政策與獎勵措施，全球或區域市場需求遞增與國際合作之策略與方向。總之，本研究主要以鑽石理論為理論基礎，針對提升我國積體電路產業競爭優勢進行研究，所得分析結果希望能提供政府與相關產業，作為進行我國積體電路產業資源投入規劃與整體營運時的參考，期待經由學術、政府與產業的合作，最後達到提昇國家整體競爭力的目標。

關鍵字

競爭優勢 ； 分析層級程序法 ； 積體電路產業

並列摘要

The development of electronic product and personal computer brings an extremely sharp impact for IC technology, and which has made IC industry as one of the most important industries on a global scale since 1990. As the leading fourth IC manufacturer, Taiwan IC Industry is looking forward to sustaining its competitive advantage under the more and more transforming competition landscape. Accordingly, it is necessary for our study to incorporate the synthetic views of related experts and to examine the key factors to promote the international competitive advantage of Taiwan IC industry for the coming new century.First, through research review and the first stage experts' questionnaire survey, we attempt to integrate factors to promote international competitive advantage of Taiwan's IC industry, and use these factors to build the hierarchy analysis framework for AHP analysis. Then, according to the hierarchy, we design the second questionnaire to ask experts who work in IC and related industries, government units, universities, and research Institutes to provide their opinions. The first stage AHP result has showed that firm strategy, structure, and rivalry construct is the most important factor of the six determinants, while government is the least important determinant. Moreover, the second stage result also concluded the most important factor among each determinant construct. Thus, human resource is the most important demand factor; and expanding international market is the most critical factor among factor conditions. Meanwhile, photomask Industry is the most important one of IC related and supporting industries; and technology research is the most decisive factor among firm strategy, structure, and rivalry construct. Furthermore, setting adaptive policy and encouragement is the most important effort for government to make; and global or regional demand surge is the most important chance for IC industry to compete successfully.Finally, the six key factors arc found and discussed orderly based on the 25 factors through AHP. They are expand international market, human resource, technology research, set adaptive policy and encouragement, global or regional demand surge, and internationally cooperative strategy and direction. As part of Porter's Diamond Theory, this study has attempted to bring some of the more significant managerial implications of the framework. It is expected that the research conclusions would derive some guidelines for the government and the business practices for resource deployments and business operations; and which in turn may contribute to facilitating the whole country's competencies for the new century.

並列關鍵字

Competitive Advantage ； Analytic Hierarchy Process ； IC Industry.

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