Ordering and Pricing Policies for Seasonal Goods with Random Demand and Prompt and Scheduled Delivery Option

具隨機性需求及即時與定時交運選擇之季節性商品的訂購與定價策略

黃明官(Ming-Guan Huang)

《Asia Pacific Management Review》 19卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. i+117-131

https://doi.org/10.6126/APMR.2014.19.2.01

摘要

競爭性產品經常面對起伏波動的市場需求，其中也包括大部份的季節性商品。同時，季節性商品的零售商也經常給予顧客即時與定時交運方式的選擇機會。一般情況下，定時交運服務採集中裝運並於銷售季之季底時運交。由於定時交運可降低交運成本，因而零售商通常會提供價格折扣做為誘因，以促使顧客選擇定時交運方案。有鑑於此，本研究乃修改傳統報童模型，以解決具隨機性需求及兩種交運方式選擇之季節性商品的訂購與定價問題。除此之外，本研究中亦提出其意願率視折扣率與收到商品前之等待時間而定的定時交運意願函數，用以評估交運方式變更對獲利性之影響。最終，本研究發展出有效且實用的經濟訂購與定價模型，以同時決定最佳訂購數量與折扣率，並達到零售商的最大化預期利潤，本研究以數值實例檢視該一模型，其模型運算結果顯示提供交運方式選擇機會所獲取的利潤超過僅提供即時運交方式的利潤。

關鍵字

經濟訂購模型 ； 交運方式選擇 ； 報童模型 ； 季節性商品

並列摘要

Competitive products frequently face volatile market demand, including most seasonal goods. Simultaneously, retailers of seasonal goods frequently provide customers with a choice of prompt or scheduled delivery. Generally, scheduled delivery services are collectively shipped and realized at the end of the selling season. Moreover, because scheduled delivery can reduce delivery costs, a price discount is commonly offered by retailers as an incentive to encourage customers to select scheduled delivery. Accordingly, this study modifies the traditional newsboy model to tackle the ordering and pricing problem involving seasonal goods with lognormal random demand and two delivery options. Additionally, a scheduled delivery willingness function dependent on discount rate and waiting time until the goods are received is proposed to assess the profitable effect on delivery way changing. Finally, an effective and practical economic ordering and pricing model is developed for jointly determining the optimal order quantity and discount rate to maximize the retailer's expected profits. This study presents numerical examples demonstrating that the profit from offering delivery options clearly exceeds that from only offering prompt delivery.

並列關鍵字

Economic ordering model ； delivery option ； newsboy model ； seasonal goods

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