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人我之際:台灣大學生的生涯建構歷程

Between Self and Others: The Career Construction Process of College

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摘要


本研究旨在探討在台灣特有文化環境與教育過程中,選擇大學路程的青年建構其生涯的歷程。研究者摒除過去相關研究沿襲西方傳統的路徑,從本土文化角度出發,突顯當事人建構生涯的主體性、個人與環境的互動過程、以及個人行動背後蘊藏的價值觀與文化圖像。研究者以生命史方法深入訪談二十名性別、科系、家庭背景、定向程度不同的大四畢業生,訪談資料經過個案與整體敘事分析,發現以下研究結果:這群青年建構生涯的歷程基本是一個由「自我」(self)與「他人」(others)交互影響而成的動態歷程;「個人興趣/特質」與「他人期望/社會價值」構成其建構生涯志向並據以做選擇的參照基礎;依其在兩者上的差異,可分為「他人取向」(other-oriented)、「自我取向」(self-oriented)與「居間取向」(in-between)三組。三種取向的青年在(1)童年時期志向的形成;(2)中學時期志向的轉化;(3)大學科系的選擇與大學時期的經驗;(4)畢業後生涯的規劃;以及(5)未來生活圖像上,表現不同的樣貌與特質。其中「居間取向」青年在中學/大學生涯轉化時期因人我互動的不同,又可分為四種型態:(1)人我平衡、(2)適應環境、(3)人我衝突、(4)人我融合。本文進一步探討生涯取向的形成根源、自我認定、領域陶成、生涯定向、未來圖像、人我關係與關懷範疇,最後述及本研究的啓示與限制。

並列摘要


This study examines the context and the process with which college students in Taiwan construct their careers. Intensive life-history interviews were conducted with 20 college graduates from various fields of study at 7 universities. Within-case and cross-case narrative summary was applied to analyze the interview data. The results show that the career construction process can be characterized as a dynamic interaction between self and others. Personal interests and characteristics as well as social values and others' expectations constitute the foundations for constructing career goals and making important career decisions. Three groups exist among college students based on their orientation toward self and others: (l) other-oriented, (2) self-oriented, and (3) in-between. These 3 groups construct their careers differently in (1) forming early career aspirations in childhood, (2) transforming career aspirations in secondary school, (3) choosing college majors and constructing college experiences, (4) making career plans after graduation, and (5) conceiving images for future life. The experiences of the in-between group can be further differentiated into 4 patterns: (l) balance between self and others, (2) adaptation of self to others, (3) conflict between self and others, and (4) incorporation of others into self. The childhood experiences, self-identity status, college training, career commitment, future life image, self-other relationship, and scope of moral concerns of different career orientations are explicated and implications of the findings and limitations of this study are discussed.

參考文獻


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Blustein, D. L.(1989).The role of career exploration in the career decision making of college students.Journal of College Student Development.30

被引用紀錄


王丹麥(2018)。中年專業工作者生涯轉換歷程之研究〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2018.00005
李漢妮(2015)。旱田中耕耘-一位成功的高級職業進修學校初任教師之班級經營個案研究〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846%2fTKU.2015.01002
毛菁華(2015)。大學生父母支持、父母期待對生涯未定向的影響暨生涯自我效能的中介效果〔博士論文,國立交通大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6842%2fNCTU.2015.00272
林淑君(2010)。臺灣護理科系學生職業生涯決定行為 意向之多層次模型建構研究〔博士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841%2fNTUT.2010.00252
洪錦珠(2007)。大學轉學生轉學因素與轉學適應之研究--以六所大學為例〔博士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0204200815524801

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