華人七大基本性格是否具有心理實質性？“提取引發遺忘效果”之檢驗

Are Personality Adjectives Categorized along the Chinese Big Seven Personality Dimensions? An Examination from the Retrieval-Induced Forgetting Effect

黃金蘭(Chin-Lan Huang) ； 林以正(Yi-Cheng Li) ； 葉怡玉(Yei-Yu Yeh)

《本土心理學研究》 26期 (2006/08) Pp. 111-140

摘要

本研究推論若楊國樞於1999年所主張之七大基本性格具心理實質性，此結構應該符合提取練習派典的表徵結構關係，性格內的特質應有相當的緊密性，且性格之間具有相當的區辨性。實驗一以類隨機方式混和華人七大性格向度中所含的92個正面表述形容詞，選出兩組各12個形容詞搭配兩個虛構之人名做為材料，仿照Macrae、MacLeod於1999年的程序進行人際印象的提取練習派典，結果支持隨機的材料無法得到典型的提取引發遺忘現象。實驗二採用同樣的材料但在學習階段提供兩次的學習機會，結果發現一旦形成較鮮明的印象之後，就可以獲得提取引發遺忘之現象。據此作者們推論若楊氏之基本性格結構具心理實質性，那麼性格因素下的特質間應具有相當的緊密性，在提取練習派典下可以得到顯著的提取引發遺忘效果。實驗三由七大基本性格因素挑選四個因素，每兩個基本性格因素組成一組挑選其下之特質形容詞各12個做為材料，實驗結果支持上述推論，支持楊國樞於1999年主張之基本性格具心理實質性，確為華人組織人際知覺的基本結構。

關鍵字

人際知覺 ； 社會認知 ； 提取引發遺忘 ； 提取練習派典 ； 華人大七模式

並列摘要

This study adopted the retrieval practice paradigm[11] to test whether the structure of the Chinese big seven personality dimensions characterizes how culturally Chinese people perceive and categorize a person. The retrieval practice paradigm can be used to reveal the structure of conceptual representations by showing that retrieval practice of exemplars of a category induces forgetting of unpracticed exemplars as compared to unlearned stimuli. Experiment 1 followed the procedure [12]used in Macrae and MacLeod's (1999) study of person perception with a retrieval practice paradigm. Results confirmed that the retrieval-induced forgetting effect cannot be produced with personality adjectives that are randomly organized from the 7 dimensions. Experiment 2 used the same adjectives as in the first study, but had two retrieval practice phases. Results showed that once stable impressions were formed, a reliable retrieval-induced forgetting effect can be obtained. Homogeneous adjectives were drawn from 4 of the personality factors in Experiment 3. The retrieval-induced forgetting effect manifested after only one retrieval practice, suggesting that stable impressions can be established after one exposure. Results support the conclusion that the Chinese big seven model is the primary structure used by culturally Chinese people to organize their interpersonal information.

並列關鍵字

Chinese big seven ； interpersonal perception ； retrieval induced forgetting ； retrieval practice paradigm ； social cognition

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