社會變遷與英國小學國定課程之關係研究

The Study of the Relationships between Social Change and British Primary School National Curriculum

姜得勝(Ter-Sheng Chiang)

《課程與教學》 1卷3期 (1998/07) Pp. 111-126+141-142

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.199807.0111

摘要

一九八八年教育改革法索可謂是美國自一九四四年以來，最大之敘育變革，首次明定自一九八九年秋季後地方教育局與中央政府經費直接補助義務教育階段的學校實施「固定課程」但僅限於英格蘭與威爾斯而不包括產蘇格蘭與北愛爾蘭。美國此次教改的核心哲學是以「中央集權」與「自由市場」為導向，「國定課程」的提出即是其具體實踐之明證。本研究著重於探討小學國定課程與社會變遷之關係。小學教育是正規學校教育之基礎，小學教育是正規學校教育之基礎，英國小學國定課程之實踐，主要是緣於社會變遷所導致的制度危機、教育水準提升的渴望、社會需求與政治目的等因素交互影響後。其內涵包括基本科目、成就目標、學習綱要與評鑑設計等項目。至於其主要目的乃在於企圖維持學校間與學校內較統一、持續的高品質，俾以昇美國的國際競爭力，並據此以主導美國未來社會變遷的方向。唯一九九七年大選後，保守黨下台，工黨執政，教育政策是否會因此而有大幅度變更，值得密切觀察並進一步探究。

關鍵字

國定課程 ； 中央集權 ； 自由市場

並列摘要

The 1988 ERA for the first time laid down a National Curriculum which all LEA maintained and grant-maintained schools had to deliver and students in compulsory education should know, understand and be able to perform at each stage of their schooling in England and Wales, but not Scotland and Northern Ireland, on and after September, 1989. It represented a great change in the educational system of England and Wales since the 1944 Education Act and its most important change seemed to put National Curriculum into practice. Two crucial philosophies of the British educational transformation were ”centralization” and ”free-market”.This study focuses on the relationships between social change and British primary school National Curriculum. The origin of primary school National Curriculum had a number of inter.-related reasons. Any attempt to separate them would be rather artificial. The major Teasons for the primary school National Curriculum might be described as arising from a sense of system crisis and a concomitant felt need for raising standards, subsequently rationalised as social demand and political purpose. The official primary school National Curriculum was mainly composed of foundation subjects, attainment targets, programmes of study and assessment arrangements. The aims of the National Curriculum made it possible to achieve greater uniformity and continuity between and within primary schools for high educational quality. Furthermore, one of the main aims, interrelating with the origin, in regard to education as Ideological State Apparatus, was to attempt to control education more tightly and explicitly. In U.K., continual argument and discussion of the National Curriculum have not suspended from its inception until now. The educational policy might be, in particular, changed because the Labour party gained power in 1997 general election. It will be, therefore, important to further research for the new developments of British educational reality.

並列關鍵字

National Curriculum ； Centralization ； Free-Market