宋代胡瑗教育思想中之「蘇湖教學法」

"The Su Hwu Teaching Method" of Hwu Yuann's Educational Ideology in the Sung Dynasty

江政如(Jeng-Ru Jiang)

《課程與教學》 2卷2期 (1999/04) Pp. 101-113+145

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.199904.0101

摘要

本文主要在探討宋朝初期的教育家－胡瑗，除了介紹其生平背景以外，最重要的是闡述他的教育思想及教學方法對當時及後代產生的影響。在教育思想方面，他倡導「明體達用」的教育理念，進而確立學校地位並制訂章程，凸顯學校教育的重要性。在教學方面，首創「分齋教學」，在學校設立「經義齋」和「治事齋」，依學生的才份及興趣分科教學；倡導主副科學習，培養第二專長；接下來運用多樣化的教學方式，如激勵教學、講授教學、娛樂教學、道學考察等，針對學生的個別需求、困境，加以診斷，因材施教給予最大的協助。綜觀胡瑗的「蘇湖教學法」可知，早在一千年前我們的教育體制中，即包含許多現代教育的理念和作法，值得我們進一步探究益加以發揚。

關鍵字

胡瑗 ； 教學法 ； 中國教育家

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to investigate the Chinese educator-Hwu Yuann in the early Sung Dynasty. Excluding his biographical sketch introduction, the most important aspect is to clarify how his educational ideology and teaching method effects the present age and later ages. In his educational ideology, he advocated ”Clarifying the Saint's percepts and leading to put in practice”. He emphasized the importance of schools and established rules for schools. He initiated ”Dividing into departments for teaching” in his teaching method. He divided the school into two departments. One department was in charge of the truth of theory. The other was in charge of the practical subjects. Teaching was according to the student's talent and interest. Also, asking students to foster the second special skill by The Major-Second learning. He used various teaching methods for affording student's needs and helped them to solve problems, such as encouraging method, lecturing method, entertaining method and traveling method. Many current educational concepts and methods had been discussed in the Su Hwu Teaching Method one thousand years ago, which is the inspiration for this paper.

並列關鍵字

Hwu Yuann ； Teaching Method ； Chinese Educator ； Educational Ideology